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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | |
| 3 | namespace MediaWiki\Extension\ConfirmEdit\Auth; |
| 4 | |
| 5 | use MediaWiki\Auth\AbstractPreAuthenticationProvider; |
| 6 | use MediaWiki\Auth\AuthenticationRequest; |
| 7 | use MediaWiki\Auth\AuthenticationResponse; |
| 8 | use MediaWiki\Auth\AuthManager; |
| 9 | use MediaWiki\Extension\ConfirmEdit\CaptchaTriggers; |
| 10 | use MediaWiki\Extension\ConfirmEdit\Hooks; |
| 11 | use MediaWiki\Extension\ConfirmEdit\SimpleCaptcha\SimpleCaptcha; |
| 12 | use MediaWiki\Logger\LoggerFactory; |
| 13 | use MediaWiki\Status\Status; |
| 14 | use MediaWiki\User\User; |
| 15 | |
| 16 | class CaptchaPreAuthenticationProvider extends AbstractPreAuthenticationProvider { |
| 17 | /** @inheritDoc */ |
| 18 | public function getAuthenticationRequests( $action, array $options ) { |
| 19 | $user = User::newFromName( $options['username'] ); |
| 20 | |
| 21 | $logger = LoggerFactory::getInstance( 'captcha' ); |
| 22 | $needed = false; |
| 23 | $captcha = null; |
| 24 | switch ( $action ) { |
| 25 | case AuthManager::ACTION_CREATE: |
| 26 | $u = $user ?: new User(); |
| 27 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::CREATE_ACCOUNT ); |
| 28 | $needed = $captcha->needCreateAccountCaptcha( $u ); |
| 29 | if ( $needed ) { |
| 30 | $captcha->setAction( CaptchaTriggers::CREATE_ACCOUNT ); |
| 31 | // This is debug level simply because generally a |
| 32 | // captcha is either always or never triggered on |
| 33 | // view of Special:CreateAccount, so it gets pretty noisy |
| 34 | $logger->debug( 'Captcha shown on account creation for {user}', [ |
| 35 | 'event' => 'captcha.display', |
| 36 | 'eventType' => 'accountcreation', |
| 37 | 'user' => $u->getName() |
| 38 | ] ); |
| 39 | } |
| 40 | break; |
| 41 | case AuthManager::ACTION_LOGIN: |
| 42 | // Captcha is shown on login when there were too many failed attempts from the current IP |
| 43 | // or using a given username, or if a hook handler says that a CAPTCHA should be shown. |
| 44 | // The varying on username is a bit awkward because we don't know the |
| 45 | // username yet. The username from the last successful login is stored in a cookie. |
| 46 | // We still must make sure to not lock out other usernames, so after the first |
| 47 | // failed login attempt using a username that needs a captcha, set a session flag |
| 48 | // to display a captcha on login from that point on. This will result in confusing |
| 49 | // error messages if the browser cannot persist the session (because we'll never show |
| 50 | // a required captcha field), but then login would be impossible anyway, so no big deal. |
| 51 | |
| 52 | // If the username ends up to be one that does not trigger the captcha, that will |
| 53 | // result in weird behavior (if the user leaves the captcha field empty, they get |
| 54 | // a required field error; if they fill it with an invalid answer, it will pass) |
| 55 | // - again, not a huge deal. |
| 56 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::LOGIN_ATTEMPT ); |
| 57 | $session = $this->manager->getRequest()->getSession(); |
| 58 | $suggestedUsername = $session->suggestLoginUsername(); |
| 59 | if ( $captcha->triggersCaptcha( CaptchaTriggers::LOGIN_ATTEMPT ) ) { |
| 60 | $captcha->setAction( CaptchaTriggers::LOGIN_ATTEMPT ); |
| 61 | $logger->info( 'Captcha shown on login attempt by {clientip} for {suggestedUser}', [ |
| 62 | 'event' => 'captcha.display', |
| 63 | 'eventType' => 'loginattempt', |
| 64 | 'suggestedUser' => $suggestedUsername, |
| 65 | 'clientip' => $this->manager->getRequest()->getIP(), |
| 66 | 'ua' => $this->manager->getRequest()->getHeader( 'User-Agent' ) |
| 67 | ] ); |
| 68 | $needed = true; |
| 69 | break; |
| 70 | } |
| 71 | |
| 72 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::BAD_LOGIN ); |
| 73 | $loginCounter = $this->getLoginAttemptCounter( $captcha ); |
| 74 | |
| 75 | $userProbablyNeedsCaptcha = $session->get( 'ConfirmEdit:loginCaptchaPerUserTriggered' ); |
| 76 | if ( |
| 77 | $userProbablyNeedsCaptcha |
| 78 | || $loginCounter->isBadLoginTriggered() |
| 79 | || ( $suggestedUsername && $loginCounter->isBadLoginPerUserTriggered( $suggestedUsername ) ) |
| 80 | ) { |
| 81 | $captcha->setAction( CaptchaTriggers::BAD_LOGIN ); |
| 82 | $logger->info( 'Captcha shown on login by {clientip} for {suggestedUser}', [ |
| 83 | 'event' => 'captcha.display', |
| 84 | 'eventType' => 'badlogin', |
| 85 | 'suggestedUser' => $suggestedUsername, |
| 86 | 'clientip' => $this->manager->getRequest()->getIP(), |
| 87 | 'ua' => $this->manager->getRequest()->getHeader( 'User-Agent' ) |
| 88 | ] ); |
| 89 | $needed = true; |
| 90 | break; |
| 91 | } |
| 92 | break; |
| 93 | } |
| 94 | |
| 95 | // Return the CaptchaAuthenticationRequest instance if a captcha is needed and defined. |
| 96 | if ( $needed && $captcha ) { |
| 97 | return [ $captcha->createAuthenticationRequest() ]; |
| 98 | } else { |
| 99 | return []; |
| 100 | } |
| 101 | } |
| 102 | |
| 103 | /** @inheritDoc */ |
| 104 | public function testForAuthentication( array $reqs ) { |
| 105 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::CREATE_ACCOUNT ); |
| 106 | $username = AuthenticationRequest::getUsernameFromRequests( $reqs ); |
| 107 | $loginCounter = $this->getLoginAttemptCounter( $captcha ); |
| 108 | $success = true; |
| 109 | $isBadLoginPerUserTriggered = $username && $loginCounter->isBadLoginPerUserTriggered( $username ); |
| 110 | $loginTriggersCaptcha = $captcha->triggersCaptcha( CaptchaTriggers::LOGIN_ATTEMPT ); |
| 111 | |
| 112 | if ( |
| 113 | $isBadLoginPerUserTriggered || |
| 114 | $loginCounter->isBadLoginTriggered() || |
| 115 | $loginTriggersCaptcha |
| 116 | ) { |
| 117 | |
| 118 | if ( $loginTriggersCaptcha ) { |
| 119 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::LOGIN_ATTEMPT ); |
| 120 | $captcha->setAction( CaptchaTriggers::LOGIN_ATTEMPT ); |
| 121 | $captcha->setTrigger( "loginattempt login '$username'" ); |
| 122 | } else { |
| 123 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::BAD_LOGIN ); |
| 124 | $captcha->setAction( CaptchaTriggers::BAD_LOGIN ); |
| 125 | $captcha->setTrigger( "post-badlogin login '$username'" ); |
| 126 | } |
| 127 | $success = $this->verifyCaptcha( $captcha, $reqs, new User() ); |
| 128 | $action = $loginTriggersCaptcha ? 'login page' : 'bad login'; |
| 129 | LoggerFactory::getInstance( 'captcha' )->info( "Captcha shown on $action for {user}", [ |
| 130 | 'event' => 'captcha.submit', |
| 131 | 'eventType' => $loginTriggersCaptcha ? 'loginattempt' : 'badlogin', |
| 132 | 'successful' => $success, |
| 133 | 'user' => $username ?? 'unknown', |
| 134 | 'clientip' => $this->manager->getRequest()->getIP(), |
| 135 | 'ua' => $this->manager->getRequest()->getHeader( 'User-Agent' ) |
| 136 | ] ); |
| 137 | } |
| 138 | |
| 139 | if ( $isBadLoginPerUserTriggered ) { |
| 140 | $session = $this->manager->getRequest()->getSession(); |
| 141 | // A captcha is needed to log in with this username, so display it on the next attempt. |
| 142 | $session->set( 'ConfirmEdit:loginCaptchaPerUserTriggered', true ); |
| 143 | } |
| 144 | |
| 145 | // Make brute force attacks harder by not telling whether the password or the |
| 146 | // captcha failed. |
| 147 | return $success ? Status::newGood() : $this->makeError( 'wrongpassword', $captcha ); |
| 148 | } |
| 149 | |
| 150 | /** @inheritDoc */ |
| 151 | public function testForAccountCreation( $user, $creator, array $reqs ) { |
| 152 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::CREATE_ACCOUNT ); |
| 153 | |
| 154 | if ( $captcha->needCreateAccountCaptcha( $creator ) ) { |
| 155 | $username = $user->getName(); |
| 156 | $captcha->setAction( CaptchaTriggers::CREATE_ACCOUNT ); |
| 157 | $captcha->setTrigger( "new account '$username'" ); |
| 158 | $success = $this->verifyCaptcha( $captcha, $reqs, $user ); |
| 159 | $ip = $this->manager->getRequest()->getIP(); |
| 160 | LoggerFactory::getInstance( 'captcha' )->info( |
| 161 | 'Captcha submitted on account creation for {user}', [ |
| 162 | 'event' => 'captcha.submit', |
| 163 | 'eventType' => 'accountcreation', |
| 164 | 'successful' => $success, |
| 165 | 'user' => $username, |
| 166 | 'clientip' => $ip, |
| 167 | 'ua' => $this->manager->getRequest()->getHeader( 'User-Agent' ) |
| 168 | ] |
| 169 | ); |
| 170 | if ( !$success ) { |
| 171 | return $this->makeError( 'captcha-createaccount-fail', $captcha ); |
| 172 | } |
| 173 | } |
| 174 | return Status::newGood(); |
| 175 | } |
| 176 | |
| 177 | /** @inheritDoc */ |
| 178 | public function postAuthentication( $user, AuthenticationResponse $response ) { |
| 179 | $captcha = Hooks::getInstance( CaptchaTriggers::BAD_LOGIN ); |
| 180 | $loginCounter = $this->getLoginAttemptCounter( $captcha ); |
| 181 | switch ( $response->status ) { |
| 182 | case AuthenticationResponse::PASS: |
| 183 | case AuthenticationResponse::RESTART: |
| 184 | $this->manager->getRequest()->getSession()->remove( 'ConfirmEdit:loginCaptchaPerUserTriggered' ); |
| 185 | $loginCounter->resetBadLoginCounter( $user ? $user->getName() : null ); |
| 186 | break; |
| 187 | case AuthenticationResponse::FAIL: |
| 188 | $loginCounter->increaseBadLoginCounter( $user ? $user->getName() : null ); |
| 189 | break; |
| 190 | } |
| 191 | } |
| 192 | |
| 193 | /** |
| 194 | * Verify submitted captcha. |
| 195 | * Assumes that the user has to pass the captcha (permission checks are caller's responsibility). |
| 196 | * @param SimpleCaptcha $captcha |
| 197 | * @param AuthenticationRequest[] $reqs |
| 198 | * @param User $user |
| 199 | * @return bool |
| 200 | */ |
| 201 | protected function verifyCaptcha( SimpleCaptcha $captcha, array $reqs, User $user ) { |
| 202 | /** @var CaptchaAuthenticationRequest $req */ |
| 203 | $req = AuthenticationRequest::getRequestByClass( |
| 204 | $reqs, |
| 205 | CaptchaAuthenticationRequest::class, |
| 206 | true |
| 207 | ); |
| 208 | if ( !$req ) { |
| 209 | return false; |
| 210 | } |
| 211 | return $captcha->passCaptchaLimited( $req->captchaId, $req->captchaWord, $user ); |
| 212 | } |
| 213 | |
| 214 | /** |
| 215 | * @param string $message Message key |
| 216 | * @param SimpleCaptcha $captcha |
| 217 | * @return Status |
| 218 | */ |
| 219 | protected function makeError( $message, SimpleCaptcha $captcha ) { |
| 220 | $error = $captcha->getError(); |
| 221 | if ( $error ) { |
| 222 | return Status::newFatal( wfMessage( 'captcha-error', $error ) ); |
| 223 | } |
| 224 | return Status::newFatal( $message ); |
| 225 | } |
| 226 | |
| 227 | protected function getLoginAttemptCounter( SimpleCaptcha $captcha ): LoginAttemptCounter { |
| 228 | // Overridable for testing |
| 229 | return new LoginAttemptCounter( $captcha ); |
| 230 | } |
| 231 | } |