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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | |
| 3 | namespace MediaWiki\Rest\Module; |
| 4 | |
| 5 | use LogicException; |
| 6 | use MediaWiki\Profiler\ProfilingContext; |
| 7 | use MediaWiki\Rest\BasicAccess\BasicAuthorizerInterface; |
| 8 | use MediaWiki\Rest\CorsUtils; |
| 9 | use MediaWiki\Rest\Handler; |
| 10 | use MediaWiki\Rest\HttpException; |
| 11 | use MediaWiki\Rest\LocalizedHttpException; |
| 12 | use MediaWiki\Rest\PathTemplateMatcher\ModuleConfigurationException; |
| 13 | use MediaWiki\Rest\Reporter\ErrorReporter; |
| 14 | use MediaWiki\Rest\RequestInterface; |
| 15 | use MediaWiki\Rest\ResponseException; |
| 16 | use MediaWiki\Rest\ResponseFactory; |
| 17 | use MediaWiki\Rest\ResponseInterface; |
| 18 | use MediaWiki\Rest\Router; |
| 19 | use MediaWiki\Rest\Validator\Validator; |
| 20 | use Throwable; |
| 21 | use Wikimedia\Message\MessageValue; |
| 22 | use Wikimedia\ObjectFactory\ObjectFactory; |
| 23 | use Wikimedia\Stats\StatsFactory; |
| 24 | |
| 25 | /** |
| 26 | * A REST module represents a collection of endpoints. |
| 27 | * The module object is responsible for generating a response for a given |
| 28 | * request. This is typically done by routing requests to the appropriate |
| 29 | * request handler. |
| 30 | * |
| 31 | * @since 1.43 |
| 32 | */ |
| 33 | abstract class Module { |
| 34 | |
| 35 | /** |
| 36 | * @internal for use in cached module data |
| 37 | */ |
| 38 | public const CACHE_CONFIG_HASH_KEY = 'CONFIG-HASH'; |
| 39 | |
| 40 | protected string $pathPrefix; |
| 41 | protected ResponseFactory $responseFactory; |
| 42 | private BasicAuthorizerInterface $basicAuth; |
| 43 | private ObjectFactory $objectFactory; |
| 44 | private Validator $restValidator; |
| 45 | private ErrorReporter $errorReporter; |
| 46 | private Router $router; |
| 47 | |
| 48 | private StatsFactory $stats; |
| 49 | private ?CorsUtils $cors = null; |
| 50 | |
| 51 | /** |
| 52 | * @param Router $router |
| 53 | * @param string $pathPrefix |
| 54 | * @param ResponseFactory $responseFactory |
| 55 | * @param BasicAuthorizerInterface $basicAuth |
| 56 | * @param ObjectFactory $objectFactory |
| 57 | * @param Validator $restValidator |
| 58 | * @param ErrorReporter $errorReporter |
| 59 | */ |
| 60 | public function __construct( |
| 61 | Router $router, |
| 62 | string $pathPrefix, |
| 63 | ResponseFactory $responseFactory, |
| 64 | BasicAuthorizerInterface $basicAuth, |
| 65 | ObjectFactory $objectFactory, |
| 66 | Validator $restValidator, |
| 67 | ErrorReporter $errorReporter |
| 68 | ) { |
| 69 | $this->router = $router; |
| 70 | $this->pathPrefix = $pathPrefix; |
| 71 | $this->responseFactory = $responseFactory; |
| 72 | $this->basicAuth = $basicAuth; |
| 73 | $this->objectFactory = $objectFactory; |
| 74 | $this->restValidator = $restValidator; |
| 75 | $this->errorReporter = $errorReporter; |
| 76 | |
| 77 | $this->stats = StatsFactory::newNull(); |
| 78 | } |
| 79 | |
| 80 | public function getPathPrefix(): string { |
| 81 | return $this->pathPrefix; |
| 82 | } |
| 83 | |
| 84 | /** |
| 85 | * Return data that can later be used to initialize a new instance of |
| 86 | * this module in a fast and efficient way. |
| 87 | * |
| 88 | * @see initFromCacheData() |
| 89 | * |
| 90 | * @return array An associative array suitable to be processed by |
| 91 | * initFromCacheData. Implementations are free to choose the format. |
| 92 | */ |
| 93 | abstract public function getCacheData(): array; |
| 94 | |
| 95 | /** |
| 96 | * Initialize from the given cache data if possible. |
| 97 | * This allows fast initialization based on data that was cached during |
| 98 | * a previous invocation of the module. |
| 99 | * |
| 100 | * Implementations are responsible for verifying that the cache data |
| 101 | * matches the information provided to the constructor, to protect against |
| 102 | * a situation where configuration was updated in a way that affects the |
| 103 | * operation of the module. |
| 104 | * |
| 105 | * @param array $cacheData Data generated by getCacheData(), implementations |
| 106 | * are free to choose the format. |
| 107 | * |
| 108 | * @return bool true if the cache data could be used, |
| 109 | * false if it was discarded. |
| 110 | * @see getCacheData() |
| 111 | */ |
| 112 | abstract public function initFromCacheData( array $cacheData ): bool; |
| 113 | |
| 114 | /** |
| 115 | * Create a Handler for the given path, taking into account the request |
| 116 | * method. |
| 117 | * |
| 118 | * If $prepExecution is true, the handler's prepareForExecute() method will |
| 119 | * be called, which will call postInitSetup(). The $request object will be |
| 120 | * updated with any path parameters and parsed body data. |
| 121 | * |
| 122 | * @unstable |
| 123 | * |
| 124 | * @param string $path |
| 125 | * @param RequestInterface $request The request to handle. If $forExecution |
| 126 | * is true, this will be updated with the path parameters and parsed |
| 127 | * body data as appropriate. |
| 128 | * @param bool $initForExecute Whether the handler and the request should be |
| 129 | * prepared for execution. Callers that only need the Handler object |
| 130 | * for access to meta-data should set this to false. |
| 131 | * |
| 132 | * @return Handler |
| 133 | * @throws HttpException If no handler was found |
| 134 | */ |
| 135 | public function getHandlerForPath( |
| 136 | string $path, |
| 137 | RequestInterface $request, |
| 138 | bool $initForExecute = false |
| 139 | ): Handler { |
| 140 | $requestMethod = strtoupper( $request->getMethod() ); |
| 141 | |
| 142 | $match = $this->findHandlerMatch( $path, $requestMethod ); |
| 143 | |
| 144 | if ( !$match['found'] && $requestMethod === 'HEAD' ) { |
| 145 | // For a HEAD request, execute the GET handler instead if one exists. |
| 146 | $match = $this->findHandlerMatch( $path, 'GET' ); |
| 147 | } |
| 148 | |
| 149 | if ( !$match['found'] ) { |
| 150 | $this->throwNoMatch( |
| 151 | $path, |
| 152 | $request->getMethod(), |
| 153 | $match['methods'] ?? [] |
| 154 | ); |
| 155 | } |
| 156 | |
| 157 | if ( isset( $match['handler'] ) ) { |
| 158 | $handler = $match['handler']; |
| 159 | } elseif ( isset( $match['spec'] ) ) { |
| 160 | $handler = $this->instantiateHandlerObject( $match['spec'] ); |
| 161 | } else { |
| 162 | throw new LogicException( |
| 163 | 'Match does not specify a handler instance or object spec.' |
| 164 | ); |
| 165 | } |
| 166 | |
| 167 | // For backwards compatibility only. Handlers should get the path by |
| 168 | // calling getPath(), not from the config array. |
| 169 | $config = $match['config'] ?? []; |
| 170 | $config['path'] ??= $match['path']; |
| 171 | |
| 172 | // Provide context about the module |
| 173 | $handler->initContext( $this, $match['path'], $config ); |
| 174 | |
| 175 | // Inject services and state from the router |
| 176 | $this->getRouter()->prepareHandler( $handler ); |
| 177 | |
| 178 | if ( $initForExecute ) { |
| 179 | // Use rawurldecode so a "+" in path params is not interpreted as a space character. |
| 180 | $pathParams = array_map( 'rawurldecode', $match['params'] ?? [] ); |
| 181 | $request->setPathParams( $pathParams ); |
| 182 | |
| 183 | $handler->initForExecute( $request ); |
| 184 | } |
| 185 | |
| 186 | return $handler; |
| 187 | } |
| 188 | |
| 189 | public function getRouter(): Router { |
| 190 | return $this->router; |
| 191 | } |
| 192 | |
| 193 | /** |
| 194 | * Determines which handler to use for the given path and returns an array |
| 195 | * describing the handler and initialization context. |
| 196 | * |
| 197 | * @param string $path |
| 198 | * @param string $requestMethod |
| 199 | * |
| 200 | * @return array<string,mixed> |
| 201 | * - bool "found": Whether a match was found. If true, the `handler` |
| 202 | * or `spec` field must be set. |
| 203 | * - Handler handler: the Handler object to use. Either "handler" or |
| 204 | * "spec" must be given. |
| 205 | * - array "spec":" an object spec for use with ObjectFactory |
| 206 | * - array "config": the route config, to be passed to Handler::initContext() |
| 207 | * - string "path": the path the handler is responsible for, |
| 208 | * including placeholders for path parameters. |
| 209 | * - string[] "params": path parameters, to be passed the |
| 210 | * Request::setPathPrams() |
| 211 | * - string[] "methods": supported methods, if the path is known but |
| 212 | * the method did not match. Only meaningful if "found" is false. |
| 213 | * To be used in the Allow header of a 405 response and included |
| 214 | * in CORS pre-flight. |
| 215 | */ |
| 216 | abstract protected function findHandlerMatch( |
| 217 | string $path, |
| 218 | string $requestMethod |
| 219 | ): array; |
| 220 | |
| 221 | /** |
| 222 | * Implementations of getHandlerForPath() should call this method when they |
| 223 | * cannot handle the requested path. |
| 224 | * |
| 225 | * @param string $path The requested path |
| 226 | * @param string $method The HTTP method of the current request |
| 227 | * @param string[] $allowed The allowed HTTP methods allowed by the path |
| 228 | * |
| 229 | * @return never |
| 230 | * @throws HttpException |
| 231 | */ |
| 232 | protected function throwNoMatch( string $path, string $method, array $allowed ): void { |
| 233 | // Check for CORS Preflight. This response will *not* allow the request unless |
| 234 | // an Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is added to this response. |
| 235 | if ( $this->cors && $method === 'OPTIONS' && $allowed ) { |
| 236 | // IDEA: Create a CorsHandler, which getHandlerForPath can return in this case. |
| 237 | $response = $this->cors->createPreflightResponse( $allowed ); |
| 238 | throw new ResponseException( $response ); |
| 239 | } |
| 240 | |
| 241 | if ( $allowed ) { |
| 242 | // There are allowed methods for this patch, so reply with Method Not Allowed. |
| 243 | $response = $this->responseFactory->createLocalizedHttpError( 405, |
| 244 | ( new MessageValue( 'rest-wrong-method' ) ) |
| 245 | ->textParams( $method ) |
| 246 | ->commaListParams( $allowed ) |
| 247 | ->numParams( count( $allowed ) ) |
| 248 | ); |
| 249 | $response->setHeader( 'Allow', $allowed ); |
| 250 | throw new ResponseException( $response ); |
| 251 | } else { |
| 252 | // There are no allowed methods for this path, so the path was not found at all. |
| 253 | $msg = ( new MessageValue( 'rest-no-match' ) ) |
| 254 | ->plaintextParams( $path ); |
| 255 | throw new LocalizedHttpException( $msg, 404 ); |
| 256 | } |
| 257 | } |
| 258 | |
| 259 | /** |
| 260 | * Find the handler for a request and execute it |
| 261 | */ |
| 262 | public function execute( string $path, RequestInterface $request ): ResponseInterface { |
| 263 | $handler = null; |
| 264 | $startTime = microtime( true ); |
| 265 | |
| 266 | try { |
| 267 | $handler = $this->getHandlerForPath( $path, $request, true ); |
| 268 | |
| 269 | $response = $this->executeHandler( $handler ); |
| 270 | } catch ( HttpException $e ) { |
| 271 | $response = $this->responseFactory->createFromException( $e ); |
| 272 | } catch ( Throwable $e ) { |
| 273 | // Note that $handler is allowed to be null here. |
| 274 | $this->errorReporter->reportError( $e, $handler, $request ); |
| 275 | $response = $this->responseFactory->createFromException( $e ); |
| 276 | } |
| 277 | |
| 278 | $this->recordMetrics( $handler, $request, $response, $startTime ); |
| 279 | |
| 280 | return $response; |
| 281 | } |
| 282 | |
| 283 | private function recordMetrics( |
| 284 | ?Handler $handler, |
| 285 | RequestInterface $request, |
| 286 | ResponseInterface $response, |
| 287 | float $startTime |
| 288 | ) { |
| 289 | $latency = ( microtime( true ) - $startTime ) * 1000; |
| 290 | |
| 291 | // NOTE: The "/" prefix is for consistency with old logs. It's rather ugly. |
| 292 | $pathForMetrics = $this->getPathPrefix(); |
| 293 | |
| 294 | if ( $pathForMetrics !== '' ) { |
| 295 | $pathForMetrics = '/' . $pathForMetrics; |
| 296 | } |
| 297 | |
| 298 | $pathForMetrics .= $handler ? $handler->getPath() : '/UNKNOWN'; |
| 299 | |
| 300 | // Replace any characters that may have a special meaning in the metrics DB. |
| 301 | $pathForMetrics = strtr( $pathForMetrics, '{}:/.', '---__' ); |
| 302 | |
| 303 | $statusCode = $response->getStatusCode(); |
| 304 | $requestMethod = $request->getMethod(); |
| 305 | if ( $statusCode >= 400 ) { |
| 306 | // count how often we return which error code |
| 307 | $this->stats->getCounter( 'rest_api_errors_total' ) |
| 308 | ->setLabel( 'path', $pathForMetrics ) |
| 309 | ->setLabel( 'method', $requestMethod ) |
| 310 | ->setLabel( 'status', "$statusCode" ) |
| 311 | ->copyToStatsdAt( [ "rest_api_errors.$pathForMetrics.$requestMethod.$statusCode" ] ) |
| 312 | ->increment(); |
| 313 | } else { |
| 314 | // measure how long it takes to generate a response |
| 315 | $this->stats->getTiming( 'rest_api_latency_seconds' ) |
| 316 | ->setLabel( 'path', $pathForMetrics ) |
| 317 | ->setLabel( 'method', $requestMethod ) |
| 318 | ->setLabel( 'status', "$statusCode" ) |
| 319 | ->copyToStatsdAt( "rest_api_latency.$pathForMetrics.$requestMethod.$statusCode" ) |
| 320 | ->observe( $latency ); |
| 321 | } |
| 322 | } |
| 323 | |
| 324 | /** |
| 325 | * @internal for testing |
| 326 | * |
| 327 | * @return array[] An associative array, mapping path patterns to |
| 328 | * a list of request methods supported for the path. |
| 329 | */ |
| 330 | abstract public function getDefinedPaths(): array; |
| 331 | |
| 332 | /** |
| 333 | * Get the allowed methods for a path. |
| 334 | * Useful to check for 405 wrong method and for generating OpenAPI specs. |
| 335 | * |
| 336 | * @param string $relPath A concrete request path. |
| 337 | * @return string[] A list of allowed HTTP request methods for the path. |
| 338 | * If the path is not supported, the list will be empty. |
| 339 | */ |
| 340 | abstract public function getAllowedMethods( string $relPath ): array; |
| 341 | |
| 342 | /** |
| 343 | * Creates a handler from the given spec, but does not initialize it. |
| 344 | */ |
| 345 | protected function instantiateHandlerObject( array $spec ): Handler { |
| 346 | /** @var $handler Handler (annotation for PHPStorm) */ |
| 347 | $handler = $this->objectFactory->createObject( |
| 348 | $spec, |
| 349 | [ 'assertClass' => Handler::class ] |
| 350 | ); |
| 351 | |
| 352 | return $handler; |
| 353 | } |
| 354 | |
| 355 | /** |
| 356 | * Execute a fully-constructed handler |
| 357 | * @throws HttpException |
| 358 | */ |
| 359 | protected function executeHandler( Handler $handler ): ResponseInterface { |
| 360 | ProfilingContext::singleton()->init( MW_ENTRY_POINT, $handler->getPath() ); |
| 361 | // Check for basic authorization, to avoid leaking data from private wikis |
| 362 | $authResult = $this->basicAuth->authorize( $handler->getRequest(), $handler ); |
| 363 | if ( $authResult ) { |
| 364 | return $this->responseFactory->createHttpError( 403, [ 'error' => $authResult ] ); |
| 365 | } |
| 366 | |
| 367 | // Check session (and session provider) |
| 368 | $handler->checkSession(); |
| 369 | |
| 370 | // Validate the parameters |
| 371 | $handler->validate( $this->restValidator ); |
| 372 | |
| 373 | // Check conditional request headers |
| 374 | $earlyResponse = $handler->checkPreconditions(); |
| 375 | if ( $earlyResponse ) { |
| 376 | return $earlyResponse; |
| 377 | } |
| 378 | |
| 379 | // Run the main part of the handler |
| 380 | $response = $handler->execute(); |
| 381 | if ( !( $response instanceof ResponseInterface ) ) { |
| 382 | $response = $this->responseFactory->createFromReturnValue( $response ); |
| 383 | } |
| 384 | |
| 385 | // Set Last-Modified and ETag headers in the response if available |
| 386 | $handler->applyConditionalResponseHeaders( $response ); |
| 387 | |
| 388 | $handler->applyCacheControl( $response ); |
| 389 | |
| 390 | return $response; |
| 391 | } |
| 392 | |
| 393 | /** |
| 394 | * @param CorsUtils $cors |
| 395 | * @return self |
| 396 | */ |
| 397 | public function setCors( CorsUtils $cors ): self { |
| 398 | $this->cors = $cors; |
| 399 | |
| 400 | return $this; |
| 401 | } |
| 402 | |
| 403 | /** |
| 404 | * @internal for use by Router |
| 405 | * |
| 406 | * @param StatsFactory $stats |
| 407 | * |
| 408 | * @return self |
| 409 | */ |
| 410 | public function setStats( StatsFactory $stats ): self { |
| 411 | $this->stats = $stats; |
| 412 | |
| 413 | return $this; |
| 414 | } |
| 415 | |
| 416 | /** |
| 417 | * Loads a module specification from a file. |
| 418 | * |
| 419 | * This method does not know or care about the structure of the file |
| 420 | * other than that it must be JSON and contain a list or map |
| 421 | * (that is, a JSON array or object). |
| 422 | * |
| 423 | * @param string $fileName |
| 424 | * |
| 425 | * @internal |
| 426 | * |
| 427 | * @return array An associative or indexed array describing the module |
| 428 | * @throws ModuleConfigurationException |
| 429 | */ |
| 430 | public static function loadJsonFile( string $fileName ): array { |
| 431 | $json = file_get_contents( $fileName ); |
| 432 | if ( $json === false ) { |
| 433 | throw new ModuleConfigurationException( |
| 434 | "Failed to load file `$fileName`" |
| 435 | ); |
| 436 | } |
| 437 | |
| 438 | $spec = json_decode( $json, true ); |
| 439 | |
| 440 | if ( !is_array( $spec ) ) { |
| 441 | throw new ModuleConfigurationException( |
| 442 | "Failed to parse `$fileName` as a JSON object" |
| 443 | ); |
| 444 | } |
| 445 | |
| 446 | return $spec; |
| 447 | } |
| 448 | } |