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1 | <?php |
2 | /** |
3 | * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
4 | * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
5 | * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or |
6 | * (at your option) any later version. |
7 | * |
8 | * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
9 | * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
10 | * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
11 | * GNU General Public License for more details. |
12 | * |
13 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along |
14 | * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., |
15 | * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. |
16 | * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html |
17 | * |
18 | * @file |
19 | */ |
20 | namespace Wikimedia\Rdbms; |
21 | |
22 | use InvalidArgumentException; |
23 | use Psr\Log\LoggerAwareInterface; |
24 | use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface; |
25 | use Psr\Log\NullLogger; |
26 | use RuntimeException; |
27 | use Wikimedia\ScopedCallback; |
28 | use Wikimedia\Stats\StatsFactory; |
29 | |
30 | /** |
31 | * Detect high-contention DB queries via profiling calls. |
32 | * |
33 | * This class is meant to work with an IDatabase object, which manages queries. |
34 | * |
35 | * @internal For use by Database only |
36 | * @since 1.24 |
37 | * @ingroup Profiler |
38 | * @ingroup Database |
39 | */ |
40 | class TransactionProfiler implements LoggerAwareInterface { |
41 | /** @var LoggerInterface */ |
42 | private $logger; |
43 | /** @var StatsFactory */ |
44 | private $statsFactory; |
45 | /** @var array<string,array> Map of (event name => map of FLD_* class constants) */ |
46 | private $expect; |
47 | /** @var array<string,int> Map of (event name => current hits) */ |
48 | private $hits; |
49 | /** @var array<string,int> Map of (event name => violation counter) */ |
50 | private $violations; |
51 | /** @var array<string,int> Map of (event name => silence counter) */ |
52 | private $silenced; |
53 | |
54 | /** |
55 | * @var array<string,array> Map of (trx ID => (write start time, list of DBs involved)) |
56 | * @phan-var array<string,array{start:float,conns:array<string,int>}> |
57 | */ |
58 | private $dbTrxHoldingLocks; |
59 | |
60 | /** |
61 | * @var array[][] Map of (trx ID => list of (query name, start time, end time)) |
62 | * @phan-var array<string,array<int,array{0:string|GeneralizedSQL,1:float,2:float}>> |
63 | */ |
64 | private $dbTrxMethodTimes; |
65 | |
66 | /** @var string|null HTTP request method; null for CLI mode */ |
67 | private $method; |
68 | |
69 | /** @var float|null */ |
70 | private $wallClockOverride; |
71 | |
72 | /** Treat locks as long-running if they last longer than this many seconds */ |
73 | private const DB_LOCK_THRESHOLD_SEC = 3.0; |
74 | /** Include events in any violation logs if they last longer than this many seconds */ |
75 | private const EVENT_THRESHOLD_SEC = 0.25; |
76 | |
77 | /** List of event names */ |
78 | private const EVENT_NAMES = [ |
79 | 'writes', |
80 | 'queries', |
81 | 'conns', |
82 | 'masterConns', |
83 | 'maxAffected', |
84 | 'readQueryRows', |
85 | 'readQueryTime', |
86 | 'writeQueryTime' |
87 | ]; |
88 | |
89 | /** List of event names with hit counters */ |
90 | private const COUNTER_EVENT_NAMES = [ |
91 | 'writes', |
92 | 'queries', |
93 | 'conns', |
94 | 'masterConns' |
95 | ]; |
96 | |
97 | /** Key to max expected value */ |
98 | private const FLD_LIMIT = 0; |
99 | /** Key to the function that set the max expected value */ |
100 | private const FLD_FNAME = 1; |
101 | |
102 | /** Any type of expectation */ |
103 | public const EXPECTATION_ANY = 'any'; |
104 | /** Any expectations about replica usage never occurring */ |
105 | public const EXPECTATION_REPLICAS_ONLY = 'replicas-only'; |
106 | |
107 | public function __construct() { |
108 | $this->initPlaceholderExpectations(); |
109 | |
110 | $this->dbTrxHoldingLocks = []; |
111 | $this->dbTrxMethodTimes = []; |
112 | |
113 | $this->silenced = array_fill_keys( self::EVENT_NAMES, 0 ); |
114 | |
115 | $this->setLogger( new NullLogger() ); |
116 | $this->statsFactory = StatsFactory::newNull(); |
117 | } |
118 | |
119 | public function setLogger( LoggerInterface $logger ) { |
120 | $this->logger = $logger; |
121 | } |
122 | |
123 | /** |
124 | * Set statsFactory |
125 | * |
126 | * @param StatsFactory $statsFactory |
127 | * @return void |
128 | */ |
129 | public function setStatsFactory( StatsFactory $statsFactory ) { |
130 | $this->statsFactory = $statsFactory; |
131 | } |
132 | |
133 | /** |
134 | * @param ?string $method HTTP method; null for CLI mode |
135 | * @return void |
136 | */ |
137 | public function setRequestMethod( ?string $method ) { |
138 | $this->method = $method; |
139 | } |
140 | |
141 | /** |
142 | * Temporarily ignore expectations until the returned object goes out of scope |
143 | * |
144 | * During this time, violation of expectations will not be logged and counters |
145 | * for expectations (e.g. "conns") will not be incremented. |
146 | * |
147 | * This will suppress warnings about event counters which have a limit of zero. |
148 | * The main use case is too avoid warnings about primary connections/writes and |
149 | * warnings about getting any primary/replica connections at all. |
150 | * |
151 | * @param string $type Class EXPECTATION_* constant [default: TransactionProfiler::EXPECTATION_ANY] |
152 | * @return ScopedCallback |
153 | */ |
154 | public function silenceForScope( string $type = self::EXPECTATION_ANY ) { |
155 | if ( $type === self::EXPECTATION_REPLICAS_ONLY ) { |
156 | $events = []; |
157 | foreach ( [ 'writes', 'masterConns' ] as $event ) { |
158 | if ( $this->expect[$event][self::FLD_LIMIT] === 0 ) { |
159 | $events[] = $event; |
160 | } |
161 | } |
162 | } else { |
163 | $events = self::EVENT_NAMES; |
164 | } |
165 | |
166 | foreach ( $events as $event ) { |
167 | ++$this->silenced[$event]; |
168 | } |
169 | |
170 | return new ScopedCallback( function () use ( $events ) { |
171 | foreach ( $events as $event ) { |
172 | --$this->silenced[$event]; |
173 | } |
174 | } ); |
175 | } |
176 | |
177 | /** |
178 | * Set performance expectations |
179 | * |
180 | * With conflicting expectations, the most narrow ones will be used |
181 | * |
182 | * @param string $event Event name, {@see self::EVENT_NAMES} |
183 | * @param float|int $limit Maximum event count, event value, or total event value |
184 | * @param string $fname Caller |
185 | * @since 1.25 |
186 | */ |
187 | public function setExpectation( string $event, $limit, string $fname ) { |
188 | if ( !isset( $this->expect[$event] ) ) { |
189 | return; // obsolete/bogus expectation |
190 | } |
191 | |
192 | if ( $limit <= $this->expect[$event][self::FLD_LIMIT] ) { |
193 | // New limit is more restrictive |
194 | $this->expect[$event] = [ |
195 | self::FLD_LIMIT => $limit, |
196 | self::FLD_FNAME => $fname |
197 | ]; |
198 | } |
199 | } |
200 | |
201 | /** |
202 | * Set one or multiple performance expectations |
203 | * |
204 | * With conflicting expectations, the most narrow ones will be used |
205 | * |
206 | * Use this to initialize expectations or make them stricter mid-request |
207 | * |
208 | * @param array $expects Map of (event name => limit), {@see self::EVENT_NAMES} |
209 | * @param string $fname |
210 | * @since 1.26 |
211 | */ |
212 | public function setExpectations( array $expects, string $fname ) { |
213 | foreach ( $expects as $event => $value ) { |
214 | $this->setExpectation( $event, $value, $fname ); |
215 | } |
216 | } |
217 | |
218 | /** |
219 | * Reset all performance expectations and hit counters |
220 | * |
221 | * Use this for unit testing or before applying a totally different set of expectations |
222 | * for a different part of the request, such as during "post-send" (execution after HTTP |
223 | * response completion) |
224 | * |
225 | * @since 1.25 |
226 | */ |
227 | public function resetExpectations() { |
228 | $this->initPlaceholderExpectations(); |
229 | } |
230 | |
231 | /** |
232 | * Clear all expectations and hit counters and set new performance expectations |
233 | * |
234 | * Use this to apply a totally different set of expectations for a different part |
235 | * of the request, such as during "post-send" (execution after HTTP response completion) |
236 | * |
237 | * @param array $expects Map of (event name => limit), {@see self::EVENT_NAMES} |
238 | * @param string $fname |
239 | * @since 1.33 |
240 | */ |
241 | public function redefineExpectations( array $expects, string $fname ) { |
242 | $this->initPlaceholderExpectations(); |
243 | $this->setExpectations( $expects, $fname ); |
244 | } |
245 | |
246 | /** |
247 | * Get the expectation associated with a specific event name. |
248 | * |
249 | * This will return the value of the expectation even if the event is silenced. |
250 | * |
251 | * Use this to check if a specific event is allowed before performing it, such as checking |
252 | * if the request will allow writes before performing them and instead deferring the writes |
253 | * to outside the request. |
254 | * |
255 | * @since 1.44 |
256 | * @param string $event Event name. Valid event names are defined in {@see self::EVENT_NAMES} |
257 | * @return float|int Maximum event count, event value, or total event value |
258 | * depending on the type of event. |
259 | * @throws InvalidArgumentException If the provided event name is not one in {@see self::EVENT_NAMES} |
260 | */ |
261 | public function getExpectation( string $event ) { |
262 | if ( !isset( $this->expect[$event] ) ) { |
263 | throw new InvalidArgumentException( "Unrecognised event name '$event' provided." ); |
264 | } |
265 | |
266 | return $this->expect[$event][self::FLD_LIMIT]; |
267 | } |
268 | |
269 | /** |
270 | * Mark a DB as having been connected to with a new handle |
271 | * |
272 | * Note that there can be multiple connections to a single DB. |
273 | * |
274 | * @param string $server DB server |
275 | * @param string|null $db DB name |
276 | * @param bool $isPrimaryWithReplicas If the server is the primary and there are replicas |
277 | */ |
278 | public function recordConnection( $server, $db, bool $isPrimaryWithReplicas ) { |
279 | // Report when too many connections happen... |
280 | if ( $this->pingAndCheckThreshold( 'conns' ) ) { |
281 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( |
282 | 'conns', |
283 | "[connect to $server ($db)]", |
284 | $this->hits['conns'] |
285 | ); |
286 | } |
287 | |
288 | // Report when too many primary connections happen... |
289 | if ( $isPrimaryWithReplicas && $this->pingAndCheckThreshold( 'masterConns' ) ) { |
290 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( |
291 | 'masterConns', |
292 | "[connect to $server ($db)]", |
293 | $this->hits['masterConns'] |
294 | ); |
295 | } |
296 | } |
297 | |
298 | /** |
299 | * Mark a DB as in a transaction with one or more writes pending |
300 | * |
301 | * Note that there can be multiple connections to a single DB. |
302 | * |
303 | * @param string $server DB server |
304 | * @param string|null $db DB name |
305 | * @param string $id ID string of transaction |
306 | * @param float $startTime UNIX timestamp |
307 | */ |
308 | public function transactionWritingIn( $server, $db, string $id, float $startTime ) { |
309 | $name = "{$db} {$server} TRX#$id"; |
310 | if ( isset( $this->dbTrxHoldingLocks[$name] ) ) { |
311 | $this->logger->warning( "Nested transaction for '$name' - out of sync." ); |
312 | } |
313 | $this->dbTrxHoldingLocks[$name] = [ |
314 | 'start' => $startTime, |
315 | 'conns' => [], // all connections involved |
316 | ]; |
317 | $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name] = []; |
318 | |
319 | foreach ( $this->dbTrxHoldingLocks as $name => &$info ) { |
320 | // Track all DBs in transactions for this transaction |
321 | $info['conns'][$name] = 1; |
322 | } |
323 | } |
324 | |
325 | /** |
326 | * Register the name and time of a method for slow DB trx detection |
327 | * |
328 | * This assumes that all queries are synchronous (non-overlapping) |
329 | * |
330 | * @param string|GeneralizedSql $query Function name or generalized SQL |
331 | * @param float $sTime Starting UNIX wall time |
332 | * @param bool $isWrite Whether this is a write query |
333 | * @param int|null $rowCount Number of affected/read rows |
334 | * @param string $trxId Transaction id |
335 | * @param string|null $serverName db host name like db1234 |
336 | */ |
337 | public function recordQueryCompletion( |
338 | $query, |
339 | float $sTime, |
340 | bool $isWrite, |
341 | ?int $rowCount, |
342 | string $trxId, |
343 | ?string $serverName = null |
344 | ) { |
345 | $eTime = $this->getCurrentTime(); |
346 | $elapsed = ( $eTime - $sTime ); |
347 | |
348 | if ( $isWrite && $this->isAboveThreshold( $rowCount, 'maxAffected' ) ) { |
349 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( 'maxAffected', $query, $rowCount, $trxId, $serverName ); |
350 | } elseif ( !$isWrite && $this->isAboveThreshold( $rowCount, 'readQueryRows' ) ) { |
351 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( 'readQueryRows', $query, $rowCount, $trxId, $serverName ); |
352 | } |
353 | |
354 | // Report when too many writes/queries happen... |
355 | if ( $this->pingAndCheckThreshold( 'queries' ) ) { |
356 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( 'queries', $query, $this->hits['queries'], $trxId, $serverName ); |
357 | } |
358 | if ( $isWrite && $this->pingAndCheckThreshold( 'writes' ) ) { |
359 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( 'writes', $query, $this->hits['writes'], $trxId, $serverName ); |
360 | } |
361 | // Report slow queries... |
362 | if ( !$isWrite && $this->isAboveThreshold( $elapsed, 'readQueryTime' ) ) { |
363 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( 'readQueryTime', $query, $elapsed, $trxId, $serverName ); |
364 | } |
365 | if ( $isWrite && $this->isAboveThreshold( $elapsed, 'writeQueryTime' ) ) { |
366 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( 'writeQueryTime', $query, $elapsed, $trxId, $serverName ); |
367 | } |
368 | |
369 | if ( !$this->dbTrxHoldingLocks ) { |
370 | // Short-circuit |
371 | return; |
372 | } elseif ( !$isWrite && $elapsed < self::EVENT_THRESHOLD_SEC ) { |
373 | // Not an important query nor slow enough |
374 | return; |
375 | } |
376 | |
377 | foreach ( $this->dbTrxHoldingLocks as $name => $info ) { |
378 | $lastQuery = end( $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name] ); |
379 | if ( $lastQuery ) { |
380 | // Additional query in the trx... |
381 | $lastEnd = $lastQuery[2]; |
382 | if ( $sTime >= $lastEnd ) { |
383 | if ( ( $sTime - $lastEnd ) > self::EVENT_THRESHOLD_SEC ) { |
384 | // Add an entry representing the time spent doing non-queries |
385 | $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name][] = [ '...delay...', $lastEnd, $sTime ]; |
386 | } |
387 | $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name][] = [ $query, $sTime, $eTime ]; |
388 | } |
389 | } else { |
390 | // First query in the trx... |
391 | if ( $sTime >= $info['start'] ) { |
392 | $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name][] = [ $query, $sTime, $eTime ]; |
393 | } |
394 | } |
395 | } |
396 | } |
397 | |
398 | /** |
399 | * Mark a DB as no longer in a transaction |
400 | * |
401 | * This will check if locks are possibly held for longer than |
402 | * needed and log any affected transactions to a special DB log. |
403 | * Note that there can be multiple connections to a single DB. |
404 | * |
405 | * @param string $server DB server |
406 | * @param string|null $db DB name |
407 | * @param string $id ID string of transaction |
408 | * @param float $writeTime Time spent in write queries |
409 | * @param int $affected Number of rows affected by writes |
410 | */ |
411 | public function transactionWritingOut( |
412 | $server, |
413 | $db, |
414 | string $id, |
415 | float $writeTime, |
416 | int $affected |
417 | ) { |
418 | // Must match $name in transactionWritingIn() |
419 | $name = "{$db} {$server} TRX#$id"; |
420 | if ( !isset( $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name] ) ) { |
421 | $this->logger->warning( "Detected no transaction for '$name' - out of sync." ); |
422 | return; |
423 | } |
424 | |
425 | $slow = false; |
426 | |
427 | // Warn if too much time was spend writing... |
428 | if ( $this->isAboveThreshold( $writeTime, 'writeQueryTime' ) ) { |
429 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( |
430 | 'writeQueryTime', |
431 | "[transaction writes to {$db} at {$server}]", |
432 | $writeTime, |
433 | $id |
434 | ); |
435 | $slow = true; |
436 | } |
437 | // Warn if too many rows were changed... |
438 | if ( $this->isAboveThreshold( $affected, 'maxAffected' ) ) { |
439 | $this->reportExpectationViolated( |
440 | 'maxAffected', |
441 | "[transaction writes to {$db} at {$server}]", |
442 | $affected, |
443 | $id |
444 | ); |
445 | } |
446 | // Fill in the last non-query period... |
447 | $lastQuery = end( $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name] ); |
448 | if ( $lastQuery ) { |
449 | $now = $this->getCurrentTime(); |
450 | $lastEnd = $lastQuery[2]; |
451 | if ( ( $now - $lastEnd ) > self::EVENT_THRESHOLD_SEC ) { |
452 | $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name][] = [ '...delay...', $lastEnd, $now ]; |
453 | } |
454 | } |
455 | // Check for any slow queries or non-query periods... |
456 | foreach ( $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name] as $info ) { |
457 | $elapsed = ( $info[2] - $info[1] ); |
458 | if ( $elapsed >= self::DB_LOCK_THRESHOLD_SEC ) { |
459 | $slow = true; |
460 | break; |
461 | } |
462 | } |
463 | if ( $slow ) { |
464 | $trace = ''; |
465 | foreach ( $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name] as $i => [ $query, $sTime, $end ] ) { |
466 | $trace .= sprintf( |
467 | "%-2d %.3fs %s\n", $i, ( $end - $sTime ), $this->getGeneralizedSql( $query ) ); |
468 | } |
469 | $this->logger->warning( "Suboptimal transaction [{dbs}]:\n{trace}", [ |
470 | 'dbs' => implode( ', ', array_keys( $this->dbTrxHoldingLocks[$name]['conns'] ) ), |
471 | 'trace' => mb_substr( $trace, 0, 2000 ) |
472 | ] ); |
473 | } |
474 | unset( $this->dbTrxHoldingLocks[$name] ); |
475 | unset( $this->dbTrxMethodTimes[$name] ); |
476 | } |
477 | |
478 | private function initPlaceholderExpectations() { |
479 | $this->expect = array_fill_keys( |
480 | self::EVENT_NAMES, |
481 | [ self::FLD_LIMIT => INF, self::FLD_FNAME => null ] |
482 | ); |
483 | |
484 | $this->hits = array_fill_keys( self::COUNTER_EVENT_NAMES, 0 ); |
485 | $this->violations = array_fill_keys( self::EVENT_NAMES, 0 ); |
486 | } |
487 | |
488 | /** |
489 | * @param float|int $value |
490 | * @param string $event |
491 | * @return bool |
492 | */ |
493 | private function isAboveThreshold( $value, string $event ) { |
494 | if ( $this->silenced[$event] > 0 ) { |
495 | return false; |
496 | } |
497 | |
498 | return ( $value > $this->expect[$event][self::FLD_LIMIT] ); |
499 | } |
500 | |
501 | /** |
502 | * @param string $event |
503 | * @return bool |
504 | */ |
505 | private function pingAndCheckThreshold( string $event ) { |
506 | if ( $this->silenced[$event] > 0 ) { |
507 | return false; |
508 | } |
509 | |
510 | $newValue = ++$this->hits[$event]; |
511 | $limit = $this->expect[$event][self::FLD_LIMIT]; |
512 | |
513 | return ( $newValue > $limit ); |
514 | } |
515 | |
516 | /** |
517 | * @param string $event |
518 | * @param string|GeneralizedSql $query |
519 | * @param float|int $actual |
520 | * @param string|null $trxId Transaction id |
521 | * @param string|null $serverName db host name like db1234 |
522 | */ |
523 | private function reportExpectationViolated( |
524 | $event, |
525 | $query, |
526 | $actual, |
527 | ?string $trxId = null, |
528 | ?string $serverName = null |
529 | ) { |
530 | $violations = ++$this->violations[$event]; |
531 | // First violation; check if this is a web request |
532 | if ( $violations === 1 && $this->method !== null ) { |
533 | $this->statsFactory->getCounter( 'rdbms_trxprofiler_warnings_total' ) |
534 | ->setLabel( 'event', $event ) |
535 | ->setLabel( 'method', $this->method ) |
536 | ->copyToStatsdAt( "rdbms_trxprofiler_warnings.$event.{$this->method}" ) |
537 | ->increment(); |
538 | } |
539 | |
540 | $max = $this->expect[$event][self::FLD_LIMIT]; |
541 | $by = $this->expect[$event][self::FLD_FNAME]; |
542 | |
543 | $message = "Expectation ($event <= $max) by $by not met (actual: {actualSeconds})"; |
544 | if ( $trxId ) { |
545 | $message .= ' in trx #{trxId}'; |
546 | } |
547 | $message .= ":\n{query}\n"; |
548 | |
549 | $this->logger->warning( |
550 | $message, |
551 | [ |
552 | 'db_log_category' => 'performance', |
553 | 'measure' => $event, |
554 | 'maxSeconds' => $max, |
555 | 'by' => $by, |
556 | 'actualSeconds' => $actual, |
557 | 'query' => $this->getGeneralizedSql( $query ), |
558 | 'exception' => new RuntimeException(), |
559 | 'trxId' => $trxId, |
560 | // Avoid truncated JSON in Logstash (T349140) |
561 | 'fullQuery' => mb_substr( $this->getRawSql( $query ), 0, 2000 ), |
562 | 'dbHost' => $serverName |
563 | ] |
564 | ); |
565 | } |
566 | |
567 | /** |
568 | * @param GeneralizedSql|string $query |
569 | * @return string |
570 | */ |
571 | private function getGeneralizedSql( $query ) { |
572 | return $query instanceof GeneralizedSql ? $query->stringify() : $query; |
573 | } |
574 | |
575 | /** |
576 | * @param GeneralizedSql|string $query |
577 | * @return string |
578 | */ |
579 | private function getRawSql( $query ) { |
580 | return $query instanceof GeneralizedSql ? $query->getRawSql() : $query; |
581 | } |
582 | |
583 | /** |
584 | * @return float UNIX timestamp |
585 | * @codeCoverageIgnore |
586 | */ |
587 | private function getCurrentTime() { |
588 | return $this->wallClockOverride ?: microtime( true ); |
589 | } |
590 | |
591 | /** |
592 | * @param float|null &$time Mock UNIX timestamp for testing |
593 | * @codeCoverageIgnore |
594 | */ |
595 | public function setMockTime( &$time ) { |
596 | $this->wallClockOverride =& $time; |
597 | } |
598 | } |