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1<?php
2/**
3 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
4 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
6 * (at your option) any later version.
7 *
8 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
9 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
10 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
11 * GNU General Public License for more details.
12 *
13 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
14 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
15 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
16 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
17 *
18 * @file
19 * @author Brooke Vibber
20 * @author <mail@tgries.de>
21 * @author Tim Starling
22 * @author Luke Welling lwelling@wikimedia.org
23 */
24
25use MediaWiki\HookContainer\HookRunner;
26use MediaWiki\Mail\UserEmailContact;
27use MediaWiki\MainConfigNames;
28use MediaWiki\MediaWikiServices;
29use MediaWiki\Permissions\Authority;
30use MediaWiki\SpecialPage\SpecialPage;
31use MediaWiki\Title\Title;
32use MediaWiki\User\User;
33use MediaWiki\User\UserArray;
34use MediaWiki\User\UserIdentity;
35
36/**
37 * Find watchers and create email notifications after a page is changed.
38 *
39 * After an edit is published to RCFeed, RecentChange::save calls EmailNotification.
40 * Here we query the `watchlist` table (via WatchedItemStore) to find who is watching
41 * a given page, format the emails in question, and dispatch emails to each of them
42 * via the JobQueue.
43 *
44 * The current implementation sends independent emails to each watching user for
45 * the following reason: Each email mentions the page edit time expressed in
46 * the person's local time (UTC is shown additionally). To achieve this, we need to
47 * find the individual timeoffset of each watching user from the preferences.
48 *
49 * Visit the documentation pages under
50 * https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Watching_pages
51 *
52 * @todo If the volume becomes too great, we could send out bulk mails (bcc:user1,user2...)
53 * grouped by users having the same timeoffset in their preferences. This would however
54 * need to carefully consider impact of failure rate, re-try behaviour, and idempotence.
55 *
56 * @todo Use UserOptionsLookup and other services, consider converting this to a service
57 *
58 * @since 1.11.0
59 * @ingroup Mail
60 */
61class EmailNotification {
62
63    /**
64     * Notification is due to user's user talk being edited
65     */
66    private const USER_TALK = 'user_talk';
67    /**
68     * Notification is due to a watchlisted page being edited
69     */
70    private const WATCHLIST = 'watchlist';
71    /**
72     * Notification because user is notified for all changes
73     */
74    private const ALL_CHANGES = 'all_changes';
75
76    protected string $subject = '';
77
78    protected string $body = '';
79
80    protected ?MailAddress $replyto;
81
82    protected ?MailAddress $from;
83
84    protected ?string $timestamp;
85
86    protected string $summary = '';
87
88    protected ?bool $minorEdit;
89
90    /** @var int|null|bool */
91    protected $oldid;
92
93    protected bool $composed_common = false;
94
95    protected string $pageStatus = '';
96
97    /** @var MailAddress[] */
98    protected array $mailTargets = [];
99
100    protected Title $title;
101
102    protected User $editor;
103
104    /**
105     * Extensions that have hooks for
106     * UpdateUserMailerFormattedPageStatus (to provide additional
107     * pageStatus indicators) need a way to make sure that, when their
108     * hook is called in SendWatchlistemailNotification, they only
109     * handle notifications using their pageStatus indicator.
110     *
111     * @since 1.33
112     * @return string
113     */
114    public function getPageStatus() {
115        return $this->pageStatus;
116    }
117
118    /**
119     * Send emails corresponding to the user $editor editing the page $title.
120     *
121     * May be deferred via the job queue.
122     *
123     * @since 1.11.0
124     * @since 1.35 returns a boolean indicating whether an email job was created.
125     * @param Authority $editor
126     * @param Title $title
127     * @param string $timestamp
128     * @param string $summary
129     * @param bool $minorEdit
130     * @param bool $oldid (default: false)
131     * @param string $pageStatus (default: 'changed')
132     * @return bool Whether an email job was created or not.
133     */
134    public function notifyOnPageChange(
135        Authority $editor,
136        $title,
137        $timestamp,
138        $summary,
139        $minorEdit,
140        $oldid = false,
141        $pageStatus = 'changed'
142    ): bool {
143        if ( $title->getNamespace() < 0 ) {
144            return false;
145        }
146
147        $mwServices = MediaWikiServices::getInstance();
148        $config = $mwServices->getMainConfig();
149
150        // update wl_notificationtimestamp for watchers
151        $watchers = [];
152        if ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifWatchlist ) || $config->get( MainConfigNames::ShowUpdatedMarker ) ) {
153            $watchers = $mwServices->getWatchedItemStore()->updateNotificationTimestamp(
154                $editor->getUser(),
155                $title,
156                $timestamp
157            );
158        }
159
160        // Don't send email for bots
161        if ( $mwServices->getUserFactory()->newFromAuthority( $editor )->isBot() ) {
162            return false;
163        }
164
165        $sendEmail = true;
166        // $watchers deals with $wgEnotifWatchlist.
167        // If nobody is watching the page, and there are no users notified on all changes
168        // don't bother creating a job/trying to send emails, unless it's a
169        // talk page with an applicable notification.
170        if ( $watchers === [] &&
171            !count( $config->get( MainConfigNames::UsersNotifiedOnAllChanges ) )
172        ) {
173            $sendEmail = false;
174            // Only send notification for non minor edits, unless $wgEnotifMinorEdits
175            if ( !$minorEdit ||
176                ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifMinorEdits ) &&
177                    !$editor->isAllowed( 'nominornewtalk' ) )
178            ) {
179                if ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifUserTalk )
180                    && $title->getNamespace() === NS_USER_TALK
181                    && $this->canSendUserTalkEmail( $editor->getUser(), $title, $minorEdit )
182                ) {
183                    $sendEmail = true;
184                }
185            }
186        }
187
188        if ( $sendEmail ) {
189            $mwServices->getJobQueueGroup()->lazyPush( new EnotifNotifyJob(
190                $title,
191                [
192                    'editor' => $editor->getUser()->getName(),
193                    'editorID' => $editor->getUser()->getId(),
194                    'timestamp' => $timestamp,
195                    'summary' => $summary,
196                    'minorEdit' => $minorEdit,
197                    'oldid' => $oldid,
198                    'watchers' => $watchers,
199                    'pageStatus' => $pageStatus
200                ]
201            ) );
202        }
203
204        return $sendEmail;
205    }
206
207    /**
208     * Immediate version of notifyOnPageChange().
209     *
210     * Send emails corresponding to the user $editor editing the page $title.
211     *
212     * @note Do not call directly. Use notifyOnPageChange so that wl_notificationtimestamp is updated.
213     *
214     * @since 1.11.0
215     * @param Authority $editor
216     * @param Title $title
217     * @param string $timestamp Edit timestamp
218     * @param string $summary Edit summary
219     * @param bool $minorEdit
220     * @param int $oldid Revision ID
221     * @param array $watchers Array of user IDs
222     * @param string $pageStatus
223     */
224    public function actuallyNotifyOnPageChange(
225        Authority $editor,
226        $title,
227        $timestamp,
228        $summary,
229        $minorEdit,
230        $oldid,
231        $watchers,
232        $pageStatus = 'changed'
233    ) {
234        # we use $wgPasswordSender as sender's address
235
236        $mwServices = MediaWikiServices::getInstance();
237        $messageCache = $mwServices->getMessageCache();
238        $config = $mwServices->getMainConfig();
239
240        # The following code is only run, if several conditions are met:
241        # 1. EmailNotification for pages (other than user_talk pages) must be enabled
242        # 2. minor edits (changes) are only regarded if the global flag indicates so
243
244        $this->title = $title;
245        $this->timestamp = $timestamp;
246        $this->summary = $summary;
247        $this->minorEdit = $minorEdit;
248        $this->oldid = $oldid;
249        $this->editor = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getUserFactory()->newFromAuthority( $editor );
250        $this->composed_common = false;
251        $this->pageStatus = $pageStatus;
252
253        $formattedPageStatus = [ 'deleted', 'created', 'moved', 'restored', 'changed' ];
254
255        $hookRunner = new HookRunner( $mwServices->getHookContainer() );
256        $hookRunner->onUpdateUserMailerFormattedPageStatus( $formattedPageStatus );
257        if ( !in_array( $this->pageStatus, $formattedPageStatus ) ) {
258            throw new UnexpectedValueException( 'Not a valid page status!' );
259        }
260
261        $userTalkId = false;
262
263        if ( !$minorEdit ||
264            ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifMinorEdits ) &&
265                !$editor->isAllowed( 'nominornewtalk' ) )
266        ) {
267            if ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifUserTalk )
268                && $title->getNamespace() === NS_USER_TALK
269                && $this->canSendUserTalkEmail( $editor->getUser(), $title, $minorEdit )
270            ) {
271                $targetUser = User::newFromName( $title->getText() );
272                $this->compose( $targetUser, self::USER_TALK, $messageCache );
273                $userTalkId = $targetUser->getId();
274            }
275
276            if ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifWatchlist ) ) {
277                $userOptionsLookup = $mwServices->getUserOptionsLookup();
278                // Send updates to watchers other than the current editor
279                // and don't send to watchers who are blocked and cannot login
280                $userArray = UserArray::newFromIDs( $watchers );
281                foreach ( $userArray as $watchingUser ) {
282                    if ( $userOptionsLookup->getOption( $watchingUser, 'enotifwatchlistpages' )
283                        && ( !$minorEdit || $userOptionsLookup->getOption( $watchingUser, 'enotifminoredits' ) )
284                        && $watchingUser->isEmailConfirmed()
285                        && $watchingUser->getId() != $userTalkId
286                        && !in_array( $watchingUser->getName(),
287                            $config->get( MainConfigNames::UsersNotifiedOnAllChanges ) )
288                        // @TODO Partial blocks should not prevent the user from logging in.
289                        //       see: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T208895
290                        && !( $config->get( MainConfigNames::BlockDisablesLogin ) &&
291                            $watchingUser->getBlock() )
292                        && $hookRunner->onSendWatchlistEmailNotification( $watchingUser, $title, $this )
293                    ) {
294                        $this->compose( $watchingUser, self::WATCHLIST, $messageCache );
295                    }
296                }
297            }
298        }
299
300        foreach ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::UsersNotifiedOnAllChanges ) as $name ) {
301            if ( $editor->getUser()->getName() == $name ) {
302                // No point notifying the user that actually made the change!
303                continue;
304            }
305            $user = User::newFromName( $name );
306            if ( $user instanceof User ) {
307                $this->compose( $user, self::ALL_CHANGES, $messageCache );
308            }
309        }
310        $this->sendMails();
311    }
312
313    /**
314     * @param UserIdentity $editor
315     * @param Title $title
316     * @param bool $minorEdit
317     * @return bool
318     */
319    private function canSendUserTalkEmail( UserIdentity $editor, $title, $minorEdit ) {
320        $services = MediaWikiServices::getInstance();
321        $config = $services->getMainConfig();
322
323        if ( !$config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifUserTalk ) || $title->getNamespace() !== NS_USER_TALK ) {
324            return false;
325        }
326
327        $userOptionsLookup = $services->getUserOptionsLookup();
328        $targetUser = User::newFromName( $title->getText() );
329
330        if ( !$targetUser || $targetUser->isAnon() ) {
331            wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": user talk page edited, but user does not exist" );
332        } elseif ( $targetUser->getId() == $editor->getId() ) {
333            wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": user edited their own talk page, no notification sent" );
334        } elseif ( $targetUser->isTemp() ) {
335            wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": talk page owner is a temporary user so doesn't have email" );
336        } elseif ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::BlockDisablesLogin ) &&
337            $targetUser->getBlock()
338        ) {
339            // @TODO Partial blocks should not prevent the user from logging in.
340            //       see: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T208895
341            wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": talk page owner is blocked and cannot login, no notification sent" );
342        } elseif ( $userOptionsLookup->getOption( $targetUser, 'enotifusertalkpages' )
343            && ( !$minorEdit || $userOptionsLookup->getOption( $targetUser, 'enotifminoredits' ) )
344        ) {
345            if ( !$targetUser->isEmailConfirmed() ) {
346                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": talk page owner doesn't have validated email" );
347            } elseif ( !( new HookRunner( $services->getHookContainer() ) )
348                ->onAbortTalkPageEmailNotification( $targetUser, $title )
349            ) {
350                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": talk page update notification is aborted for this user" );
351            } else {
352                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": sending talk page update notification" );
353                return true;
354            }
355        } else {
356            wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": talk page owner doesn't want notifications" );
357        }
358        return false;
359    }
360
361    /**
362     * Generate the generic "this page has been changed" e-mail text.
363     * @param MessageCache $messageCache
364     */
365    private function composeCommonMailtext( MessageCache $messageCache ) {
366        $services = MediaWikiServices::getInstance();
367        $config = $services->getMainConfig();
368        $userOptionsLookup = $services->getUserOptionsLookup();
369        $urlUtils = $services->getUrlUtils();
370
371        $this->composed_common = true;
372
373        # You as the WikiAdmin and Sysops can make use of plenty of
374        # named variables when composing your notification emails while
375        # simply editing the Meta pages
376
377        $keys = [];
378        $postTransformKeys = [];
379        $pageTitleUrl = $this->title->getCanonicalURL();
380        $pageTitle = $this->title->getPrefixedText();
381
382        if ( $this->oldid ) {
383            // Always show a link to the diff which triggered the mail. See T34210.
384            $keys['$NEWPAGE'] = "\n\n" . wfMessage(
385                    'enotif_lastdiff',
386                    $this->title->getCanonicalURL( [ 'diff' => 'next', 'oldid' => $this->oldid ] )
387                )->inContentLanguage()->text();
388
389            if ( !$config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifImpersonal ) ) {
390                // For personal mail, also show a link to the diff of all changes
391                // since last visited.
392                $keys['$NEWPAGE'] .= "\n\n" . wfMessage(
393                        'enotif_lastvisited',
394                        $this->title->getCanonicalURL( [ 'diff' => '0', 'oldid' => $this->oldid ] )
395                    )->inContentLanguage()->text();
396            }
397            $keys['$OLDID'] = $this->oldid;
398            $keys['$PAGELOG'] = '';
399        } else {
400            // If there is no revision to link to, link to the page log, which should have details. See T115183.
401            $keys['$OLDID'] = '';
402            $keys['$NEWPAGE'] = '';
403            $keys['$PAGELOG'] = "\n\n" . wfMessage(
404                    'enotif_pagelog',
405                    SpecialPage::getTitleFor( 'Log' )->getCanonicalURL( [ 'page' => $this->title->getPrefixedDBkey() ] )
406                )->inContentLanguage()->text();
407
408        }
409
410        $keys['$PAGETITLE'] = $this->title->getPrefixedText();
411        $keys['$PAGETITLE_URL'] = $this->title->getCanonicalURL();
412        $keys['$PAGEMINOREDIT'] = $this->minorEdit ?
413            "\n\n" . wfMessage( 'enotif_minoredit' )->inContentLanguage()->text() :
414            '';
415        $keys['$UNWATCHURL'] = $this->title->getCanonicalURL( 'action=unwatch' );
416
417        if ( $this->editor->isAnon() ) {
418            # real anon (user:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx)
419            $keys['$PAGEEDITOR'] = wfMessage( 'enotif_anon_editor', $this->editor->getName() )
420                ->inContentLanguage()->text();
421            $keys['$PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL'] = wfMessage( 'noemailtitle' )->inContentLanguage()->text();
422        } elseif ( $this->editor->isTemp() ) {
423            $keys['$PAGEEDITOR'] = wfMessage( 'enotif_temp_editor', $this->editor->getName() )
424                ->inContentLanguage()->text();
425            $keys['$PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL'] = wfMessage( 'noemailtitle' )->inContentLanguage()->text();
426        } else {
427            $keys['$PAGEEDITOR'] = $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifUseRealName ) &&
428                    $this->editor->getRealName() !== ''
429                ? $this->editor->getRealName() : $this->editor->getName();
430            $emailPage = SpecialPage::getSafeTitleFor( 'Emailuser', $this->editor->getName() );
431            $keys['$PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL'] = $emailPage->getCanonicalURL();
432        }
433
434        $keys['$PAGEEDITOR_WIKI'] = $this->editor->getTalkPage()->getCanonicalURL();
435        $keys['$HELPPAGE'] = $urlUtils->expand(
436            Skin::makeInternalOrExternalUrl( wfMessage( 'helppage' )->inContentLanguage()->text() ),
437            PROTO_CURRENT
438        ) ?? false;
439
440        # Replace this after transforming the message, T37019
441        $postTransformKeys['$PAGESUMMARY'] = $this->summary == '' ? ' - ' : $this->summary;
442
443        // Now build message's subject and body
444
445        // Messages:
446        // enotif_subject_deleted, enotif_subject_created, enotif_subject_moved,
447        // enotif_subject_restored, enotif_subject_changed
448        $this->subject = wfMessage( 'enotif_subject_' . $this->pageStatus )->inContentLanguage()
449            ->params( $pageTitle, $keys['$PAGEEDITOR'] )->text();
450
451        // Messages:
452        // enotif_body_intro_deleted, enotif_body_intro_created, enotif_body_intro_moved,
453        // enotif_body_intro_restored, enotif_body_intro_changed
454        $keys['$PAGEINTRO'] = wfMessage( 'enotif_body_intro_' . $this->pageStatus )
455            ->inContentLanguage()
456            ->params( $pageTitle, $keys['$PAGEEDITOR'], "<{$pageTitleUrl}>" )
457            ->text();
458
459        $body = wfMessage( 'enotif_body' )->inContentLanguage()->plain();
460        $body = strtr( $body, $keys );
461        $body = $messageCache->transform( $body, false, null, $this->title );
462        $this->body = wordwrap( strtr( $body, $postTransformKeys ), 72 );
463
464        # Reveal the page editor's address as REPLY-TO address only if
465        # the user has not opted-out and the option is enabled at the
466        # global configuration level.
467        $adminAddress = new MailAddress(
468            $config->get( MainConfigNames::PasswordSender ),
469            wfMessage( 'emailsender' )->inContentLanguage()->text()
470        );
471        if ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifRevealEditorAddress )
472            && ( $this->editor->getEmail() != '' )
473            && $userOptionsLookup->getOption( $this->editor, 'enotifrevealaddr' )
474        ) {
475            $editorAddress = MailAddress::newFromUser( $this->editor );
476            if ( $config->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifFromEditor ) ) {
477                $this->from = $editorAddress;
478            } else {
479                $this->from = $adminAddress;
480                $this->replyto = $editorAddress;
481            }
482        } else {
483            $this->from = $adminAddress;
484            $this->replyto = new MailAddress(
485                $config->get( MainConfigNames::NoReplyAddress )
486            );
487        }
488    }
489
490    /**
491     * Compose a mail to a given user and either queue it for sending, or send it now,
492     * depending on settings.
493     *
494     * Call sendMails() to send any mails that were queued.
495     * @param UserEmailContact $user
496     * @param string $source
497     * @param MessageCache $messageCache
498     */
499    private function compose( UserEmailContact $user, $source, MessageCache $messageCache ) {
500        if ( !$this->composed_common ) {
501            $this->composeCommonMailtext( $messageCache );
502        }
503
504        if ( MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getMainConfig()->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifImpersonal ) ) {
505            $this->mailTargets[] = MailAddress::newFromUser( $user );
506        } else {
507            $this->sendPersonalised( $user, $source );
508        }
509    }
510
511    /**
512     * Send any queued mails
513     */
514    private function sendMails() {
515        if ( MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getMainConfig()->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifImpersonal ) ) {
516            $this->sendImpersonal( $this->mailTargets );
517        }
518    }
519
520    /**
521     * Does the per-user customizations to a notification e-mail (name,
522     * timestamp in proper timezone, etc) and sends it out.
523     * Returns Status if email was sent successfully or not (Status::newGood()
524     * or Status::newFatal() respectively).
525     *
526     * @param UserEmailContact $watchingUser
527     * @param string $source
528     * @return StatusValue
529     */
530    private function sendPersonalised( UserEmailContact $watchingUser, $source ): StatusValue {
531        // From the PHP manual:
532        //   Note: The to parameter cannot be an address in the form of
533        //   "Something <someone@example.com>". The mail command will not parse
534        //   this properly while talking with the MTA.
535        $to = MailAddress::newFromUser( $watchingUser );
536
537        # $PAGEEDITDATE is the time and date of the page change
538        # expressed in terms of individual local time of the notification
539        # recipient, i.e. watching user
540        $mwServices = MediaWikiServices::getInstance();
541        $contLang = $mwServices->getContentLanguage();
542        $watchingUserName = (
543            $mwServices->getMainConfig()->get( MainConfigNames::EnotifUseRealName ) &&
544            $watchingUser->getRealName() !== ''
545        ) ? $watchingUser->getRealName() : $watchingUser->getUser()->getName();
546        $body = str_replace(
547            [
548                '$WATCHINGUSERNAME',
549                '$PAGEEDITDATE',
550                '$PAGEEDITTIME'
551            ],
552            [
553                $watchingUserName,
554                $contLang->userDate( $this->timestamp, $watchingUser->getUser() ),
555                $contLang->userTime( $this->timestamp, $watchingUser->getUser() )
556            ],
557            $this->body
558        );
559
560        $headers = [];
561        if ( $source === self::WATCHLIST ) {
562            $headers['List-Help'] = 'https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist';
563        }
564
565        return $mwServices
566            ->getEmailer()
567            ->send(
568                [ $to ],
569                $this->from,
570                $this->subject,
571                $body,
572                null,
573                [
574                    'replyTo' => $this->replyto,
575                    'headers' => $headers,
576                ]
577            );
578    }
579
580    /**
581     * Same as sendPersonalised but does impersonal mail suitable for bulk
582     * mailing.  Takes an array of MailAddress objects.
583     * @param MailAddress[] $addresses
584     * @return ?StatusValue
585     */
586    private function sendImpersonal( array $addresses ): ?StatusValue {
587        if ( count( $addresses ) === 0 ) {
588            return null;
589        }
590        $services = MediaWikiServices::getInstance();
591        $contLang = $services->getContentLanguage();
592        $body = str_replace(
593            [
594                '$WATCHINGUSERNAME',
595                '$PAGEEDITDATE',
596                '$PAGEEDITTIME'
597            ],
598            [
599                wfMessage( 'enotif_impersonal_salutation' )->inContentLanguage()->text(),
600                $contLang->date( $this->timestamp, false, false ),
601                $contLang->time( $this->timestamp, false, false )
602            ],
603            $this->body
604        );
605
606        return $services
607            ->getEmailer()
608            ->send(
609                $addresses,
610                $this->from,
611                $this->subject,
612                $body,
613                null,
614                [
615                    'replyTo' => $this->replyto,
616                ]
617            );
618    }
619
620}