Language.php

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<?php
use CLDRPluralRuleParser\Evaluator;
use MediaWiki\HookContainer\HookContainer;
use MediaWiki\HookContainer\HookRunner;
use MediaWiki\Languages\LanguageConverterFactory;
use MediaWiki\Languages\LanguageFallback;
use MediaWiki\Languages\LanguageNameUtils;
use MediaWiki\Logger\LoggerFactory;
use MediaWiki\MainConfigNames;
use MediaWiki\MediaWikiServices;
use MediaWiki\Parser\MagicWord;
use MediaWiki\User\UserIdentity;
use Wikimedia\Assert\Assert;
use Wikimedia\AtEase\AtEase;
use Wikimedia\Bcp47Code\Bcp47Code;
use Wikimedia\DebugInfo\DebugInfoTrait;
use Wikimedia\RequestTimeout\TimeoutException;
 
class Language implements Bcp47Code {
    use DebugInfoTrait;
 
    public const ALL = LanguageNameUtils::ALL;
 
    public const SUPPORTED = LanguageNameUtils::SUPPORTED;
 
    public $mCode;
 
    public $mMagicExtensions = [];
 
    private $mHtmlCode = null;
 
    public $dateFormatStrings = [];
 
    public $mExtendedSpecialPageAliases;
 
    protected $namespaceNames;
    protected $mNamespaceIds;
    protected $namespaceAliases;
 
    private $transformData = [];
 
    private $namespaceInfo;
 
    private $localisationCache;
 
    private $langNameUtils;
 
    private $langFallback;
 
    private $grammarTransformCache;
 
    private $converterFactory;
 
    private $hookContainer;
 
    private $hookRunner;
 
    private $config;
 
    private $overrideUcfirstCharacters;
 
    public const MESSAGES_FALLBACKS = LanguageFallback::MESSAGES;
 
    public const STRICT_FALLBACKS = LanguageFallback::STRICT;
 
    public const WEEKDAY_MESSAGES = [
        'sunday', 'monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday',
        'friday', 'saturday'
    ];
 
    public const WEEKDAY_ABBREVIATED_MESSAGES = [
        'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat'
    ];
 
    public const MONTH_MESSAGES = [
        'january', 'february', 'march', 'april', 'may_long', 'june',
        'july', 'august', 'september', 'october', 'november',
        'december'
    ];
 
    public static $mMonthMsgs = self::MONTH_MESSAGES;
 
    public const MONTH_GENITIVE_MESSAGES = [
        'january-gen', 'february-gen', 'march-gen', 'april-gen', 'may-gen', 'june-gen',
        'july-gen', 'august-gen', 'september-gen', 'october-gen', 'november-gen',
        'december-gen'
    ];
 
    public const MONTH_ABBREVIATED_MESSAGES = [
        'jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'aug',
        'sep', 'oct', 'nov', 'dec'
    ];
 
    public static $mMonthAbbrevMsgs = self::MONTH_ABBREVIATED_MESSAGES;
 
    public const IRANIAN_CALENDAR_MONTHS_MESSAGES = [
        'iranian-calendar-m1', 'iranian-calendar-m2', 'iranian-calendar-m3',
        'iranian-calendar-m4', 'iranian-calendar-m5', 'iranian-calendar-m6',
        'iranian-calendar-m7', 'iranian-calendar-m8', 'iranian-calendar-m9',
        'iranian-calendar-m10', 'iranian-calendar-m11', 'iranian-calendar-m12'
    ];
 
    public const HEBREW_CALENDAR_MONTHS_MESSAGES = [
        'hebrew-calendar-m1', 'hebrew-calendar-m2', 'hebrew-calendar-m3',
        'hebrew-calendar-m4', 'hebrew-calendar-m5', 'hebrew-calendar-m6',
        'hebrew-calendar-m7', 'hebrew-calendar-m8', 'hebrew-calendar-m9',
        'hebrew-calendar-m10', 'hebrew-calendar-m11', 'hebrew-calendar-m12',
        'hebrew-calendar-m6a', 'hebrew-calendar-m6b'
    ];
 
    public const HEBREW_CALENDAR_MONTH_GENITIVE_MESSAGES = [
        'hebrew-calendar-m1-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m2-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m3-gen',
        'hebrew-calendar-m4-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m5-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m6-gen',
        'hebrew-calendar-m7-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m8-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m9-gen',
        'hebrew-calendar-m10-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m11-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m12-gen',
        'hebrew-calendar-m6a-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m6b-gen'
    ];
 
    public const HIJRI_CALENDAR_MONTH_MESSAGES = [
        'hijri-calendar-m1', 'hijri-calendar-m2', 'hijri-calendar-m3',
        'hijri-calendar-m4', 'hijri-calendar-m5', 'hijri-calendar-m6',
        'hijri-calendar-m7', 'hijri-calendar-m8', 'hijri-calendar-m9',
        'hijri-calendar-m10', 'hijri-calendar-m11', 'hijri-calendar-m12'
    ];
 
    protected const DURATION_INTERVALS = [
        'millennia' => 31556952000,
        'centuries' => 3155695200,
        'decades' => 315569520,
        'years' => 31556952, // 86400 * ( 365 + ( 24 * 3 + 25 ) / 400 )
        'weeks' => 604800,
        'days' => 86400,
        'hours' => 3600,
        'minutes' => 60,
        'seconds' => 1,
    ];
 
    public static $durationIntervals = self::DURATION_INTERVALS;
 
    private const LRE = "\u{202A}"; // U+202A LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING
    private const RLE = "\u{202B}"; // U+202B RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING
    private const PDF = "\u{202C}"; // U+202C POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
 
    // @codeCoverageIgnoreStart
    // phpcs:ignore Generic.Files.LineLength
    private static $strongDirRegex = 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}-\x{10e5f}\x{10e7f}-\x{10fff}\x{1e800}-\x{1e8cf}\x{1e8d7}-\x{1edff}\x{1ef00}-\x{1efff}\x{608}\x{60b}\x{60d}\x{61b}-\x{64a}\x{66d}-\x{66f}\x{671}-\x{6d5}\x{6e5}\x{6e6}\x{6ee}\x{6ef}\x{6fa}-\x{710}\x{712}-\x{72f}\x{74b}-\x{7a5}\x{7b1}-\x{7bf}\x{8a0}-\x{8e2}\x{fb50}-\x{fd3d}\x{fd40}-\x{fdcf}\x{fdf0}-\x{fdfc}\x{fdfe}\x{fdff}\x{fe70}-\x{fefe}\x{1ee00}-\x{1eeef}\x{1eef2}-\x{1eeff}]))/u';
    // @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd
 
    public static function factory( $code ) {
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageFactory()->getLanguage( $code );
    }
 
    public static function isSupportedLanguage( $code ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->isSupportedLanguage( $code );
    }
 
    public static function isWellFormedLanguageTag( $code, $lenient = false ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.39' );
        return LanguageCode::isWellFormedLanguageTag( $code, $lenient );
    }
 
    public static function isValidCode( $code ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()->isValidCode( $code );
    }
 
    public static function isValidBuiltInCode( $code ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->isValidBuiltInCode( $code );
    }
 
    public static function isKnownLanguageTag( $tag ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->isKnownLanguageTag( $tag );
    }
 
    public static function getLocalisationCache() {
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLocalisationCache();
    }
 
    public function __construct(
        $code = null,
        NamespaceInfo $namespaceInfo = null,
        LocalisationCache $localisationCache = null,
        LanguageNameUtils $langNameUtils = null,
        LanguageFallback $langFallback = null,
        LanguageConverterFactory $converterFactory = null,
        HookContainer $hookContainer = null,
        Config $config = null
    ) {
        if ( !func_num_args() ) {
            // Old calling convention, deprecated
            if ( static::class === 'Language' ) {
                $this->mCode = 'en';
            } else {
                $this->mCode = str_replace( '_', '-', strtolower( substr( static::class, 8 ) ) );
            }
 
            $services = MediaWikiServices::getInstance();
            $this->namespaceInfo = $services->getNamespaceInfo();
            $this->localisationCache = $services->getLocalisationCache();
            $this->langNameUtils = $services->getLanguageNameUtils();
            $this->langFallback = $services->getLanguageFallback();
            $this->converterFactory = $services->getLanguageConverterFactory();
            $this->hookContainer = $services->getHookContainer();
            $this->hookRunner = new HookRunner( $this->hookContainer );
            $this->config = $services->getMainConfig();
            return;
        }
 
        Assert::parameter( $code !== null, '$code',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
        Assert::parameter( $namespaceInfo !== null, '$namespaceInfo',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
        Assert::parameter( $localisationCache !== null, '$localisationCache',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
        Assert::parameter( $langNameUtils !== null, '$langNameUtils',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
        Assert::parameter( $langFallback !== null, '$langFallback',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
        Assert::parameter( $converterFactory !== null, '$converterFactory',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
        Assert::parameter( $hookContainer !== null, '$hookContainer',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
        Assert::parameter( $config !== null, '$config',
            'Parameters cannot be null unless all are omitted' );
 
        $this->mCode = $code;
        $this->namespaceInfo = $namespaceInfo;
        $this->localisationCache = $localisationCache;
        $this->langNameUtils = $langNameUtils;
        $this->langFallback = $langFallback;
        $this->converterFactory = $converterFactory;
        $this->hookContainer = $hookContainer;
        $this->hookRunner = new HookRunner( $hookContainer );
        $this->config = $config;
    }
 
    public function getFallbackLanguages() {
        return $this->langFallback->getAll( $this->mCode );
    }
 
    public function getBookstoreList() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'bookstoreList' );
    }
 
    public function getNamespaces() {
        if ( $this->namespaceNames === null ) {
            $metaNamespace = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::MetaNamespace );
            $metaNamespaceTalk = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::MetaNamespaceTalk );
            $extraNamespaces = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::ExtraNamespaces );
            $validNamespaces = $this->namespaceInfo->getCanonicalNamespaces();
 
            // @phan-suppress-next-line PhanTypeMismatchProperty
            $this->namespaceNames = $extraNamespaces +
                $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceNames' );
            // @phan-suppress-next-line PhanTypeInvalidLeftOperand
            $this->namespaceNames += $validNamespaces;
 
            $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT] = $metaNamespace;
            if ( $metaNamespaceTalk ) {
                $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK] = $metaNamespaceTalk;
            } else {
                $talk = $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK];
                $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK] =
                    $this->fixVariableInNamespace( $talk );
            }
 
            # Sometimes a language will be localised but not actually exist on this wiki.
            foreach ( $this->namespaceNames as $key => $text ) {
                if ( !isset( $validNamespaces[$key] ) ) {
                    unset( $this->namespaceNames[$key] );
                }
            }
 
            # The above mixing may leave namespaces out of canonical order.
            # Re-order by namespace ID number...
            ksort( $this->namespaceNames );
 
            $this->getHookRunner()->onLanguageGetNamespaces( $this->namespaceNames );
        }
 
        return $this->namespaceNames;
    }
 
    public function setNamespaces( array $namespaces ) {
        $this->namespaceNames = $namespaces;
        $this->mNamespaceIds = null;
    }
 
    public function resetNamespaces() {
        $this->namespaceNames = null;
        $this->mNamespaceIds = null;
        $this->namespaceAliases = null;
    }
 
    public function getFormattedNamespaces() {
        $ns = $this->getNamespaces();
        foreach ( $ns as $k => $v ) {
            $ns[$k] = strtr( $v, '_', ' ' );
        }
        return $ns;
    }
 
    public function getNsText( $index ) {
        $ns = $this->getNamespaces();
        return $ns[$index] ?? false;
    }
 
    public function getFormattedNsText( $index ) {
        $ns = $this->getNsText( $index );
        return strtr( (string)$ns, '_', ' ' );
    }
 
    public function getGenderNsText( $index, $gender ) {
        $extraGenderNamespaces = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::ExtraGenderNamespaces );
 
        $ns = $extraGenderNamespaces +
            (array)$this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceGenderAliases' );
 
        return $ns[$index][$gender] ?? $this->getNsText( $index );
    }
 
    public function needsGenderDistinction() {
        $extraGenderNamespaces = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::ExtraGenderNamespaces );
        $extraNamespaces = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::ExtraNamespaces );
        if ( count( $extraGenderNamespaces ) > 0 ) {
            // $wgExtraGenderNamespaces overrides everything
            return true;
        } elseif ( isset( $extraNamespaces[NS_USER] ) && isset( $extraNamespaces[NS_USER_TALK] ) ) {
            // @todo There may be other gender namespace than NS_USER & NS_USER_TALK in the future
            // $wgExtraNamespaces overrides any gender aliases specified in i18n files
            return false;
        } else {
            // Check what is in i18n files
            $aliases = $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceGenderAliases' );
            return count( $aliases ) > 0;
        }
    }
 
    public function getLocalNsIndex( $text ) {
        $lctext = $this->lc( $text );
        $ids = $this->getNamespaceIds();
        return $ids[$lctext] ?? false;
    }
 
    public function getNamespaceAliases() {
        if ( $this->namespaceAliases === null ) {
            $aliases = $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceAliases' );
            if ( !$aliases ) {
                $aliases = [];
            } else {
                foreach ( $aliases as $name => $index ) {
                    if ( $index === NS_PROJECT_TALK ) {
                        unset( $aliases[$name] );
                        $name = $this->fixVariableInNamespace( $name );
                        $aliases[$name] = $index;
                    }
                }
            }
 
            $extraGenderNamespaces = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::ExtraGenderNamespaces );
            $genders = $extraGenderNamespaces + (array)$this->localisationCache
                ->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceGenderAliases' );
            foreach ( $genders as $index => $forms ) {
                foreach ( $forms as $alias ) {
                    $aliases[$alias] = $index;
                }
            }
 
            # Also add converted namespace names as aliases, to avoid confusion.
            $convertedNames = [];
            foreach ( $this->getConverter()->getVariants() as $variant ) {
                if ( $variant === $this->mCode ) {
                    continue;
                }
                foreach ( $this->getNamespaces() as $ns => $_ ) {
                    $convertedNames[$this->getConverter()->convertNamespace( $ns, $variant )] = $ns;
                }
            }
 
            $this->namespaceAliases = $aliases + $convertedNames;
 
            // In the case of conflicts between $wgNamespaceAliases and other sources
            // of aliasing, $wgNamespaceAliases wins.
            $this->namespaceAliases = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::NamespaceAliases ) +
                $this->namespaceAliases;
 
            # Filter out aliases to namespaces that don't exist, e.g. from extensions
            # that aren't loaded here but are included in the l10n cache.
            # (array_intersect preserves keys from its first argument)
            $this->namespaceAliases = array_intersect(
                $this->namespaceAliases,
                array_keys( $this->getNamespaces() )
            );
        }
 
        return $this->namespaceAliases;
    }
 
    public function getNamespaceIds() {
        if ( $this->mNamespaceIds === null ) {
            # Put namespace names and aliases into a hashtable.
            # If this is too slow, then we should arrange it so that it is done
            # before caching. The catch is that at pre-cache time, the above
            # class-specific fixup hasn't been done.
            $this->mNamespaceIds = [];
            foreach ( $this->getNamespaces() as $index => $name ) {
                $this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc( $name )] = $index;
            }
            foreach ( $this->getNamespaceAliases() as $name => $index ) {
                $this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc( $name )] = $index;
            }
        }
        return $this->mNamespaceIds;
    }
 
    public function getNsIndex( $text ) {
        $lctext = $this->lc( $text );
        $ns = $this->namespaceInfo->getCanonicalIndex( $lctext );
        if ( $ns !== null ) {
            return $ns;
        }
        $ids = $this->getNamespaceIds();
        return $ids[$lctext] ?? false;
    }
 
    public function getVariantname( $code, $usemsg = true ) {
        $msg = "variantname-$code";
        if ( $usemsg && wfMessage( $msg )->exists() ) {
            return $this->getMessageFromDB( $msg );
        }
        $name = $this->langNameUtils->getLanguageName( $code );
        if ( $name ) {
            return $name; # if it's defined as a language name, show that
        } else {
            # otherwise, output the language code
            return $code;
        }
    }
 
    public function getDatePreferences() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'datePreferences' );
    }
 
    public function getDateFormats() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats' );
    }
 
    public function getDefaultDateFormat() {
        $df = $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'defaultDateFormat' );
        if ( $df === 'dmy or mdy' ) {
            return $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::AmericanDates ) ? 'mdy' : 'dmy';
        } else {
            return $df;
        }
    }
 
    public function getDatePreferenceMigrationMap() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'datePreferenceMigrationMap' );
    }
 
    public static function fetchLanguageNames(
        $inLanguage = LanguageNameUtils::AUTONYMS,
        $include = LanguageNameUtils::DEFINED
    ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->getLanguageNames( $inLanguage, $include );
    }
 
    public static function fetchLanguageName(
        $code,
        $inLanguage = LanguageNameUtils::AUTONYMS,
        $include = LanguageNameUtils::ALL
    ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->getLanguageName( $code, $inLanguage, $include );
    }
 
    public function getMessageFromDB( $msg ) {
        return $this->msg( $msg )->text();
    }
 
    protected function msg( $msg, ...$params ) {
        return wfMessage( $msg, ...$params )->inLanguage( $this );
    }
 
    public function getMonthName( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::MONTH_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    public function getMonthNamesArray() {
        $monthNames = [ '' ];
        for ( $i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++ ) {
            $monthNames[] = $this->getMonthName( $i );
        }
        return $monthNames;
    }
 
    public function getMonthNameGen( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::MONTH_GENITIVE_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    public function getMonthAbbreviation( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::MONTH_ABBREVIATED_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    public function getMonthAbbreviationsArray() {
        $monthNames = [ '' ];
        for ( $i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++ ) {
            $monthNames[] = $this->getMonthAbbreviation( $i );
        }
        return $monthNames;
    }
 
    public function getWeekdayName( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::WEEKDAY_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    public function getWeekdayAbbreviation( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::WEEKDAY_ABBREVIATED_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    private function getIranianCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::IRANIAN_CALENDAR_MONTHS_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    private function getHebrewCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::HEBREW_CALENDAR_MONTHS_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    private function getHebrewCalendarMonthNameGen( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::HEBREW_CALENDAR_MONTH_GENITIVE_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    private function getHijriCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
        return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::HIJRI_CALENDAR_MONTH_MESSAGES[$key - 1] );
    }
 
    private static function dateTimeObjFormat( &$dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code ) {
        if ( !$dateTimeObj ) {
            $dateTimeObj = DateTime::createFromFormat(
                'YmdHis', $ts, $zone ?: new DateTimeZone( 'UTC' )
            );
        }
        return $dateTimeObj->format( $code );
    }
 
    public function sprintfDate( $format, $ts, DateTimeZone $zone = null, &$ttl = 'unused' ) {
        // @phan-suppress-previous-line PhanTypeMismatchDefault Type mismatch on pass-by-ref args
        $s = '';
        $raw = false;
        $roman = false;
        $hebrewNum = false;
        $dateTimeObj = false;
        $rawToggle = false;
        $iranian = false;
        $hebrew = false;
        $hijri = false;
        $thai = false;
        $minguo = false;
        $tenno = false;
 
        $usedSecond = false;
        $usedMinute = false;
        $usedHour = false;
        $usedAMPM = false;
        $usedDay = false;
        $usedWeek = false;
        $usedMonth = false;
        $usedYear = false;
        $usedISOYear = false;
        $usedIsLeapYear = false;
 
        $usedHebrewMonth = false;
        $usedIranianMonth = false;
        $usedHijriMonth = false;
        $usedHebrewYear = false;
        $usedIranianYear = false;
        $usedHijriYear = false;
        $usedTennoYear = false;
 
        if ( strlen( $ts ) !== 14 ) {
            throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ": The timestamp $ts should have 14 characters" );
        }
 
        if ( !ctype_digit( $ts ) ) {
            throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ": The timestamp $ts should be a number" );
        }
 
        $formatLength = strlen( $format );
        for ( $p = 0; $p < $formatLength; $p++ ) {
            $num = false;
            $code = $format[$p];
            if ( $code == 'x' && $p < $formatLength - 1 ) {
                $code .= $format[++$p];
            }
 
            if ( ( $code === 'xi'
                    || $code === 'xj'
                    || $code === 'xk'
                    || $code === 'xm'
                    || $code === 'xo'
                    || $code === 'xt' )
                && $p < $formatLength - 1 ) {
                $code .= $format[++$p];
            }
 
            switch ( $code ) {
                case 'xx':
                    $s .= 'x';
                    break;
                case 'xn':
                    $raw = true;
                    break;
                case 'xN':
                    $rawToggle = !$rawToggle;
                    break;
                case 'xr':
                    $roman = true;
                    break;
                case 'xh':
                    $hebrewNum = true;
                    break;
                case 'xg':
                    $usedMonth = true;
                    $s .= $this->getMonthNameGen( (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                    break;
                case 'xjx':
                    $usedHebrewMonth = true;
                    if ( !$hebrew ) {
                        $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                    }
                    $s .= $this->getHebrewCalendarMonthNameGen( $hebrew[1] );
                    break;
                case 'd':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    $num = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );
                    break;
                case 'D':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    $s .= $this->getWeekdayAbbreviation(
                        (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'w' ) + 1
                    );
                    break;
                case 'j':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    $num = intval( substr( $ts, 6, 2 ) );
                    break;
                case 'xij':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    if ( !$iranian ) {
                        $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $iranian[2];
                    break;
                case 'xmj':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    if ( !$hijri ) {
                        $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $hijri[2];
                    break;
                case 'xjj':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    if ( !$hebrew ) {
                        $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $hebrew[2];
                    break;
                case 'l':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    $s .= $this->getWeekdayName(
                        (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'w' ) + 1
                    );
                    break;
                case 'F':
                    $usedMonth = true;
                    $s .= $this->getMonthName( (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                    break;
                case 'xiF':
                    $usedIranianMonth = true;
                    if ( !$iranian ) {
                        $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                    }
                    $s .= $this->getIranianCalendarMonthName( $iranian[1] );
                    break;
                case 'xmF':
                    $usedHijriMonth = true;
                    if ( !$hijri ) {
                        $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
                    }
                    $s .= $this->getHijriCalendarMonthName( $hijri[1] );
                    break;
                case 'xjF':
                    $usedHebrewMonth = true;
                    if ( !$hebrew ) {
                        $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                    }
                    $s .= $this->getHebrewCalendarMonthName( $hebrew[1] );
                    break;
                case 'm':
                    $usedMonth = true;
                    $num = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
                    break;
                case 'M':
                    $usedMonth = true;
                    $s .= $this->getMonthAbbreviation( (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                    break;
                case 'n':
                    $usedMonth = true;
                    $num = intval( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                    break;
                case 'xin':
                    $usedIranianMonth = true;
                    if ( !$iranian ) {
                        $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $iranian[1];
                    break;
                case 'xmn':
                    $usedHijriMonth = true;
                    if ( !$hijri ) {
                        $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $hijri[1];
                    break;
                case 'xjn':
                    $usedHebrewMonth = true;
                    if ( !$hebrew ) {
                        $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $hebrew[1];
                    break;
                case 'xjt':
                    $usedHebrewMonth = true;
                    if ( !$hebrew ) {
                        $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $hebrew[3];
                    break;
                case 'Y':
                    $usedYear = true;
                    $num = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
                    break;
                case 'xiY':
                    $usedIranianYear = true;
                    if ( !$iranian ) {
                        $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $iranian[0];
                    break;
                case 'xmY':
                    $usedHijriYear = true;
                    if ( !$hijri ) {
                        $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $hijri[0];
                    break;
                case 'xjY':
                    $usedHebrewYear = true;
                    if ( !$hebrew ) {
                        $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $hebrew[0];
                    break;
                case 'xkY':
                    $usedYear = true;
                    if ( !$thai ) {
                        $thai = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'thai' );
                    }
                    $num = $thai[0];
                    break;
                case 'xoY':
                    $usedYear = true;
                    if ( !$minguo ) {
                        $minguo = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'minguo' );
                    }
                    $num = $minguo[0];
                    break;
                case 'xtY':
                    $usedTennoYear = true;
                    if ( !$tenno ) {
                        $tenno = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'tenno' );
                    }
                    $num = $tenno[0];
                    break;
                case 'y':
                    $usedYear = true;
                    $num = substr( $ts, 2, 2 );
                    break;
                case 'xiy':
                    $usedIranianYear = true;
                    if ( !$iranian ) {
                        $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = substr( (string)$iranian[0], -2 );
                    break;
                case 'xit':
                    $usedIranianYear = true;
                    if ( !$iranian ) {
                        $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = self::$IRANIAN_DAYS[$iranian[1] - 1];
                    break;
                case 'xiz':
                    $usedIranianYear = true;
                    if ( !$iranian ) {
                        $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                    }
                    $num = $iranian[3];
                    break;
                case 'a':
                    $usedAMPM = true;
                    $s .= intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) ) < 12 ? 'am' : 'pm';
                    break;
                case 'A':
                    $usedAMPM = true;
                    $s .= intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) ) < 12 ? 'AM' : 'PM';
                    break;
                case 'g':
                    $usedHour = true;
                    $h = (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
                    $num = $h % 12 ?: 12;
                    break;
                case 'G':
                    $usedHour = true;
                    $num = intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) );
                    break;
                case 'h':
                    $usedHour = true;
                    $h = (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
                    $num = sprintf( '%02d', $h % 12 ?: 12 );
                    break;
                case 'H':
                    $usedHour = true;
                    $num = substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
                    break;
                case 'i':
                    $usedMinute = true;
                    $num = substr( $ts, 10, 2 );
                    break;
                case 's':
                    $usedSecond = true;
                    $num = substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
                    break;
                case 'c':
                case 'r':
                    $usedSecond = true;
                    // fall through
                case 'e':
                case 'O':
                case 'P':
                case 'T':
                    $s .= self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code );
                    break;
                case 'w':
                case 'N':
                case 'z':
                    $usedDay = true;
                    $num = self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code );
                    break;
                case 'W':
                    $usedWeek = true;
                    $num = self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code );
                    break;
                case 't':
                    $usedMonth = true;
                    $num = self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code );
                    break;
                case 'L':
                    $usedIsLeapYear = true;
                    $num = self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code );
                    break;
                case 'o':
                    $usedISOYear = true;
                    $num = self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code );
                    break;
                case 'U':
                    $usedSecond = true;
                    // fall through
                case 'I':
                case 'Z':
                    $num = self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, $code );
                    break;
                case '\\':
                    # Backslash escaping
                    if ( $p < $formatLength - 1 ) {
                        $s .= $format[++$p];
                    } else {
                        $s .= '\\';
                    }
                    break;
                case '"':
                    # Quoted literal
                    if ( $p < $formatLength - 1 ) {
                        $endQuote = strpos( $format, '"', $p + 1 );
                        if ( $endQuote === false ) {
                            # No terminating quote, assume literal "
                            $s .= '"';
                        } else {
                            $s .= substr( $format, $p + 1, $endQuote - $p - 1 );
                            $p = $endQuote;
                        }
                    } else {
                        # Quote at end of string, assume literal "
                        $s .= '"';
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    $s .= $format[$p];
            }
            if ( $num !== false ) {
                if ( $rawToggle || $raw ) {
                    $s .= $num;
                    $raw = false;
                } elseif ( $roman ) {
                    $s .= self::romanNumeral( $num );
                    $roman = false;
                } elseif ( $hebrewNum ) {
                    $s .= self::hebrewNumeral( $num );
                    $hebrewNum = false;
                } elseif ( preg_match( '/^[\d.]+$/', $num ) ) {
                    $s .= $this->formatNumNoSeparators( $num );
                } else {
                    $s .= $num;
                }
            }
        }
 
        if ( $ttl === 'unused' ) {
            // No need to calculate the TTL, the caller wont use it anyway.
        } elseif ( $usedSecond ) {
            $ttl = 1;
        } elseif ( $usedMinute ) {
            $ttl = 60 - (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
        } elseif ( $usedHour ) {
            $ttl = 3600 - (int)substr( $ts, 10, 2 ) * 60 - (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
        } elseif ( $usedAMPM ) {
            $ttl = 43200 - ( (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) % 12 ) * 3600 -
                (int)substr( $ts, 10, 2 ) * 60 - (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
        } elseif (
            $usedDay ||
            $usedHebrewMonth ||
            $usedIranianMonth ||
            $usedHijriMonth ||
            $usedHebrewYear ||
            $usedIranianYear ||
            $usedHijriYear ||
            $usedTennoYear
        ) {
            // @todo Someone who understands the non-Gregorian calendars
            // should write proper logic for them so that they don't need purged every day.
            $ttl = 86400 - (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) * 3600 -
                (int)substr( $ts, 10, 2 ) * 60 - (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
        } else {
            $possibleTtls = [];
            $timeRemainingInDay = 86400 - (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) * 3600 -
                (int)substr( $ts, 10, 2 ) * 60 - (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
            if ( $usedWeek ) {
                $possibleTtls[] =
                    ( 7 - (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'N' ) ) * 86400 +
                    $timeRemainingInDay;
            } elseif ( $usedISOYear ) {
                // December 28th falls on the last ISO week of the year, every year.
                // The last ISO week of a year can be 52 or 53.
                $lastWeekOfISOYear = (int)DateTime::createFromFormat(
                    'Ymd',
                    (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 ) . '1228',
                    $zone ?: new DateTimeZone( 'UTC' )
                )->format( 'W' );
                $currentISOWeek = (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'W' );
                $weeksRemaining = $lastWeekOfISOYear - $currentISOWeek;
                $timeRemainingInWeek =
                    ( 7 - (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'N' ) ) * 86400
                    + $timeRemainingInDay;
                $possibleTtls[] = $weeksRemaining * 604800 + $timeRemainingInWeek;
            }
 
            if ( $usedMonth ) {
                $possibleTtls[] =
                    ( (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 't' ) -
                        (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 ) ) * 86400
                    + $timeRemainingInDay;
            } elseif ( $usedYear ) {
                $possibleTtls[] =
                    ( (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'L' ) + 364 -
                        (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'z' ) ) * 86400
                    + $timeRemainingInDay;
            } elseif ( $usedIsLeapYear ) {
                $year = (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
                $timeRemainingInYear =
                    ( (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'L' ) + 364 -
                        (int)self::dateTimeObjFormat( $dateTimeObj, $ts, $zone, 'z' ) ) * 86400
                    + $timeRemainingInDay;
                $mod = $year % 4;
                if ( $mod || ( !( $year % 100 ) && $year % 400 ) ) {
                    // this isn't a leap year. see when the next one starts
                    $nextCandidate = $year - $mod + 4;
                    if ( $nextCandidate % 100 || !( $nextCandidate % 400 ) ) {
                        $possibleTtls[] = ( $nextCandidate - $year - 1 ) * 365 * 86400 +
                            $timeRemainingInYear;
                    } else {
                        $possibleTtls[] = ( $nextCandidate - $year + 3 ) * 365 * 86400 +
                            $timeRemainingInYear;
                    }
                } else {
                    // this is a leap year, so the next year isn't
                    $possibleTtls[] = $timeRemainingInYear;
                }
            }
 
            if ( $possibleTtls ) {
                $ttl = min( $possibleTtls );
            }
        }
 
        return $s;
    }
 
    private static $GREG_DAYS = [ 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 ];
    private static $IRANIAN_DAYS = [ 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 29 ];
 
    private static function tsToIranian( $ts ) {
        $gy = (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 ) - 1600;
        $gm = (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) - 1;
        $gd = (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 ) - 1;
 
        # Days passed from the beginning (including leap years)
        $gDayNo = 365 * $gy
            + floor( ( $gy + 3 ) / 4 )
            - floor( ( $gy + 99 ) / 100 )
            + floor( ( $gy + 399 ) / 400 );
 
        // Add days of the past months of this year
        for ( $i = 0; $i < $gm; $i++ ) {
            $gDayNo += self::$GREG_DAYS[$i];
        }
 
        // Leap years
        if ( $gm > 1 && ( ( $gy % 4 === 0 && $gy % 100 !== 0 ) || $gy % 400 == 0 ) ) {
            $gDayNo++;
        }
 
        // Days passed in current month
        $gDayNo += $gd;
 
        $jDayNo = $gDayNo - 79;
 
        $jNp = (int)floor( $jDayNo / 12053 );
        $jDayNo %= 12053;
 
        $jy = 979 + 33 * $jNp + 4 * (int)floor( $jDayNo / 1461 );
        $jDayNo %= 1461;
 
        if ( $jDayNo >= 366 ) {
            $jy += (int)floor( ( $jDayNo - 1 ) / 365 );
            $jDayNo = (int)floor( ( $jDayNo - 1 ) % 365 );
        }
 
        $jz = $jDayNo;
 
        for ( $i = 0; $i < 11 && $jDayNo >= self::$IRANIAN_DAYS[$i]; $i++ ) {
            $jDayNo -= self::$IRANIAN_DAYS[$i];
        }
 
        $jm = $i + 1;
        $jd = $jDayNo + 1;
 
        return [ $jy, $jm, $jd, $jz ];
    }
 
    private static function tsToHijri( $ts ) {
        $year = (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
        $month = (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
        $day = (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 );
 
        $zyr = $year;
        $zd = $day;
        $zm = $month;
        $zy = $zyr;
 
        if (
            ( $zy > 1582 ) || ( ( $zy == 1582 ) && ( $zm > 10 ) ) ||
            ( ( $zy == 1582 ) && ( $zm == 10 ) && ( $zd > 14 ) )
        ) {
            $zjd = (int)( ( 1461 * ( $zy + 4800 + (int)( ( $zm - 14 ) / 12 ) ) ) / 4 ) +
                    (int)( ( 367 * ( $zm - 2 - 12 * ( (int)( ( $zm - 14 ) / 12 ) ) ) ) / 12 ) -
                    (int)( ( 3 * (int)( ( $zy + 4900 + (int)( ( $zm - 14 ) / 12 ) ) / 100 ) ) / 4 ) +
                    $zd - 32075;
        } else {
            $zjd = 367 * $zy - (int)( ( 7 * ( $zy + 5001 + (int)( ( $zm - 9 ) / 7 ) ) ) / 4 ) +
                (int)( ( 275 * $zm ) / 9 ) + $zd + 1729777;
        }
 
        $zl = $zjd - 1948440 + 10632;
        $zn = (int)( ( $zl - 1 ) / 10631 );
        $zl = $zl - 10631 * $zn + 354;
        $zj = ( (int)( ( 10985 - $zl ) / 5316 ) ) * ( (int)( ( 50 * $zl ) / 17719 ) ) +
            ( (int)( $zl / 5670 ) ) * ( (int)( ( 43 * $zl ) / 15238 ) );
        $zl = $zl - ( (int)( ( 30 - $zj ) / 15 ) ) * ( (int)( ( 17719 * $zj ) / 50 ) ) -
            ( (int)( $zj / 16 ) ) * ( (int)( ( 15238 * $zj ) / 43 ) ) + 29;
        $zm = (int)( ( 24 * $zl ) / 709 );
        $zd = $zl - (int)( ( 709 * $zm ) / 24 );
        $zy = 30 * $zn + $zj - 30;
 
        return [ $zy, $zm, $zd ];
    }
 
    private static function tsToHebrew( $ts ) {
        # Parse date
        $year = (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
        $month = (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
        $day = (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 );
 
        # Calculate Hebrew year
        $hebrewYear = $year + 3760;
 
        # Month number when September = 1, August = 12
        $month += 4;
        if ( $month > 12 ) {
            # Next year
            $month -= 12;
            $year++;
            $hebrewYear++;
        }
 
        # Calculate day of year from 1 September
        $dayOfYear = $day;
        for ( $i = 1; $i < $month; $i++ ) {
            if ( $i == 6 ) {
                # February
                $dayOfYear += 28;
                # Check if the year is leap
                if ( $year % 400 == 0 || ( $year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 > 0 ) ) {
                    $dayOfYear++;
                }
            } elseif ( $i == 8 || $i == 10 || $i == 1 || $i == 3 ) {
                $dayOfYear += 30;
            } else {
                $dayOfYear += 31;
            }
        }
 
        # Calculate the start of the Hebrew year
        $start = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear );
 
        # Calculate next year's start
        if ( $dayOfYear <= $start ) {
            # Day is before the start of the year - it is the previous year
            # Next year's start
            $nextStart = $start;
            # Previous year
            $year--;
            $hebrewYear--;
            # Add days since previous year's 1 September
            $dayOfYear += 365;
            if ( ( $year % 400 == 0 ) || ( $year % 100 != 0 && $year % 4 == 0 ) ) {
                # Leap year
                $dayOfYear++;
            }
            # Start of the new (previous) year
            $start = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear );
        } else {
            # Next year's start
            $nextStart = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear + 1 );
        }
 
        # Calculate Hebrew day of year
        $hebrewDayOfYear = $dayOfYear - $start;
 
        # Difference between year's days
        $diff = $nextStart - $start;
        # Add 12 (or 13 for leap years) days to ignore the difference between
        # Hebrew and Gregorian year (353 at least vs. 365/6) - now the
        # difference is only about the year type
        if ( ( $year % 400 == 0 ) || ( $year % 100 != 0 && $year % 4 == 0 ) ) {
            $diff += 13;
        } else {
            $diff += 12;
        }
 
        # Check the year pattern, and is leap year
        # 0 means an incomplete year, 1 means a regular year, 2 means a complete year
        # This is mod 30, to work on both leap years (which add 30 days of Adar I)
        # and non-leap years
        $yearPattern = $diff % 30;
        # Check if leap year
        $isLeap = $diff >= 30;
 
        # Calculate day in the month from number of day in the Hebrew year
        # Don't check Adar - if the day is not in Adar, we will stop before;
        # if it is in Adar, we will use it to check if it is Adar I or Adar II
        $hebrewDay = $hebrewDayOfYear;
        $hebrewMonth = 1;
        $days = 0;
        while ( $hebrewMonth <= 12 ) {
            # Calculate days in this month
            if ( $isLeap && $hebrewMonth == 6 ) {
                # Leap year - has Adar I, with 30 days, and Adar II, with 29 days
                $days = 30;
                if ( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
                    # Day in Adar I
                    $hebrewMonth = 13;
                } else {
                    # Subtract the days of Adar I
                    $hebrewDay -= $days;
                    # Try Adar II
                    $days = 29;
                    if ( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
                        # Day in Adar II
                        $hebrewMonth = 14;
                    }
                }
            } elseif ( $hebrewMonth == 2 && $yearPattern == 2 ) {
                # Cheshvan in a complete year (otherwise as the rule below)
                $days = 30;
            } elseif ( $hebrewMonth == 3 && $yearPattern == 0 ) {
                # Kislev in an incomplete year (otherwise as the rule below)
                $days = 29;
            } else {
                # Odd months have 30 days, even have 29
                $days = 30 - ( $hebrewMonth - 1 ) % 2;
            }
            if ( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
                # In the current month
                break;
            } else {
                # Subtract the days of the current month
                $hebrewDay -= $days;
                # Try in the next month
                $hebrewMonth++;
            }
        }
 
        return [ $hebrewYear, $hebrewMonth, $hebrewDay, $days ];
    }
 
    private static function hebrewYearStart( $year ) {
        $a = ( 12 * ( $year - 1 ) + 17 ) % 19;
        $b = ( $year - 1 ) % 4;
        $m = 32.044093161144 + 1.5542417966212 * $a + $b / 4.0 - 0.0031777940220923 * ( $year - 1 );
        if ( $m < 0 ) {
            $m--;
        }
        $Mar = intval( $m );
        if ( $m < 0 ) {
            $m++;
        }
        $m -= $Mar;
 
        $c = ( $Mar + 3 * ( $year - 1 ) + 5 * $b + 5 ) % 7;
        if ( $c == 0 && $a > 11 && $m >= 0.89772376543210 ) {
            $Mar++;
        } elseif ( $c == 1 && $a > 6 && $m >= 0.63287037037037 ) {
            $Mar += 2;
        } elseif ( $c == 2 || $c == 4 || $c == 6 ) {
            $Mar++;
        }
 
        $Mar += intval( ( $year - 3761 ) / 100 ) - intval( ( $year - 3761 ) / 400 ) - 24;
        return $Mar;
    }
 
    private static function tsToYear( $ts, $cName ) {
        $gy = (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
        $gm = (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
        $gd = (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 );
 
        if ( !strcmp( $cName, 'thai' ) ) {
            # Thai solar dates
            # Add 543 years to the Gregorian calendar
            # Months and days are identical
            $gy_offset = $gy + 543;
            # fix for dates between 1912 and 1941
            # https://en.wikipedia.org/?oldid=836596673#New_year
            if ( $gy >= 1912 && $gy <= 1940 ) {
                if ( $gm <= 3 ) {
                    $gy_offset--;
                }
                $gm = ( $gm - 3 ) % 12;
            }
        } elseif ( ( !strcmp( $cName, 'minguo' ) ) || !strcmp( $cName, 'juche' ) ) {
            # Minguo dates
            # Deduct 1911 years from the Gregorian calendar
            # Months and days are identical
            $gy_offset = $gy - 1911;
        } elseif ( !strcmp( $cName, 'tenno' ) ) {
            # Nengō dates up to Meiji period
            # Deduct years from the Gregorian calendar
            # depending on the nengo periods
            # Months and days are identical
            if ( ( $gy < 1912 )
                || ( ( $gy == 1912 ) && ( $gm < 7 ) )
                || ( ( $gy == 1912 ) && ( $gm == 7 ) && ( $gd < 31 ) )
            ) {
                # Meiji period
                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1868 + 1;
                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                if ( $gy_gannen == 1 ) {
                    $gy_offset = '元';
                }
                $gy_offset = '明治' . $gy_offset;
            } elseif (
                ( ( $gy == 1912 ) && ( $gm == 7 ) && ( $gd == 31 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy == 1912 ) && ( $gm >= 8 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy > 1912 ) && ( $gy < 1926 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy == 1926 ) && ( $gm < 12 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy == 1926 ) && ( $gm == 12 ) && ( $gd < 26 ) )
            ) {
                # Taishō period
                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1912 + 1;
                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                if ( $gy_gannen == 1 ) {
                    $gy_offset = '元';
                }
                $gy_offset = '大正' . $gy_offset;
            } elseif (
                ( ( $gy == 1926 ) && ( $gm == 12 ) && ( $gd >= 26 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy > 1926 ) && ( $gy < 1989 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy == 1989 ) && ( $gm == 1 ) && ( $gd < 8 ) )
            ) {
                # Shōwa period
                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1926 + 1;
                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                if ( $gy_gannen == 1 ) {
                    $gy_offset = '元';
                }
                $gy_offset = '昭和' . $gy_offset;
            } elseif (
                ( ( $gy == 1989 ) && ( $gm == 1 ) && ( $gd >= 8 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy > 1989 ) && ( $gy < 2019 ) ) ||
                ( ( $gy == 2019 ) && ( $gm < 5 ) )
            ) {
                # Heisei period
                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1989 + 1;
                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                if ( $gy_gannen == 1 ) {
                    $gy_offset = '元';
                }
                $gy_offset = '平成' . $gy_offset;
            } else {
                # Reiwa period
                $gy_gannen = $gy - 2019 + 1;
                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                if ( $gy_gannen == 1 ) {
                    $gy_offset = '元';
                }
                $gy_offset = '令和' . $gy_offset;
            }
        } else {
            $gy_offset = $gy;
        }
 
        return [ $gy_offset, $gm, $gd ];
    }
 
    private static function strongDirFromContent( $text = '' ) {
        if ( !preg_match( self::$strongDirRegex, $text, $matches ) ) {
            return null;
        }
        if ( $matches[1] === '' ) {
            return 'rtl';
        }
        return 'ltr';
    }
 
    public static function romanNumeral( $num ) {
        static $table = [
            [ '', 'I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI', 'VII', 'VIII', 'IX', 'X' ],
            [ '', 'X', 'XX', 'XXX', 'XL', 'L', 'LX', 'LXX', 'LXXX', 'XC', 'C' ],
            [ '', 'C', 'CC', 'CCC', 'CD', 'D', 'DC', 'DCC', 'DCCC', 'CM', 'M' ],
            [ '', 'M', 'MM', 'MMM', 'MMMM', 'MMMMM', 'MMMMMM', 'MMMMMMM',
                'MMMMMMMM', 'MMMMMMMMM', 'MMMMMMMMMM' ]
        ];
 
        $num = intval( $num );
        if ( $num > 10000 || $num <= 0 ) {
            return (string)$num;
        }
 
        $s = '';
        for ( $pow10 = 1000, $i = 3; $i >= 0; $pow10 /= 10, $i-- ) {
            if ( $num >= $pow10 ) {
                $s .= $table[$i][(int)floor( $num / $pow10 )];
            }
            $num %= $pow10;
        }
        return $s;
    }
 
    public static function hebrewNumeral( $num ) {
        static $table = [
            [ '', 'א', 'ב', 'ג', 'ד', 'ה', 'ו', 'ז', 'ח', 'ט', 'י' ],
            [ '', 'י', 'כ', 'ל', 'מ', 'נ', 'ס', 'ע', 'פ', 'צ', 'ק' ],
            [ '',
                [ 'ק' ],
                [ 'ר' ],
                [ 'ש' ],
                [ 'ת' ],
                [ 'ת', 'ק' ],
                [ 'ת', 'ר' ],
                [ 'ת', 'ש' ],
                [ 'ת', 'ת' ],
                [ 'ת', 'ת', 'ק' ],
                [ 'ת', 'ת', 'ר' ],
            ],
            [ '', 'א', 'ב', 'ג', 'ד', 'ה', 'ו', 'ז', 'ח', 'ט', 'י' ]
        ];
 
        $num = intval( $num );
        if ( $num > 9999 || $num <= 0 ) {
            return (string)$num;
        }
 
        // Round thousands have special notations
        if ( $num === 1000 ) {
            return "א' אלף";
        } elseif ( $num % 1000 === 0 ) {
            return $table[0][$num / 1000] . "' אלפים";
        }
 
        $letters = [];
 
        for ( $pow10 = 1000, $i = 3; $i >= 0; $pow10 /= 10, $i-- ) {
            if ( $num >= $pow10 ) {
                if ( $num === 15 || $num === 16 ) {
                    $letters[] = $table[0][9];
                    $letters[] = $table[0][$num - 9];
                    $num = 0;
                } else {
                    $letters = array_merge(
                        $letters,
                        (array)$table[$i][intval( $num / $pow10 )]
                    );
 
                    if ( $pow10 === 1000 ) {
                        $letters[] = "'";
                    }
                }
            }
 
            $num %= $pow10;
        }
 
        $preTransformLength = count( $letters );
        if ( $preTransformLength === 1 ) {
            // Add geresh (single quote) to one-letter numbers
            $letters[] = "'";
        } else {
            $lastIndex = $preTransformLength - 1;
            $letters[$lastIndex] = str_replace(
                [ 'כ', 'מ', 'נ', 'פ', 'צ' ],
                [ 'ך', 'ם', 'ן', 'ף', 'ץ' ],
                $letters[$lastIndex]
            );
 
            // Add gershayim (double quote) to multiple-letter numbers,
            // but exclude numbers with only one letter after the thousands
            // (1001-1009, 1020, 1030, 2001-2009, etc.)
            if ( $letters[1] === "'" && $preTransformLength === 3 ) {
                $letters[] = "'";
            } else {
                array_splice( $letters, -1, 0, '"' );
            }
        }
 
        return implode( $letters );
    }
 
    public function userAdjust( $ts, $tz = false ) {
        $localTZoffset = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::LocalTZoffset );
        if ( $tz === false ) {
            $optionsLookup = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getUserOptionsLookup();
            $tz = $optionsLookup->getOption(
                RequestContext::getMain()->getUser(),
                'timecorrection'
            );
        }
 
        $data = explode( '|', $tz, 3 );
 
        if ( $data[0] == 'ZoneInfo' ) {
            try {
                $userTZ = new DateTimeZone( $data[2] );
                $date = new DateTime( $ts, new DateTimeZone( 'UTC' ) );
                $date->setTimezone( $userTZ );
                return $date->format( 'YmdHis' );
            } catch ( TimeoutException $e ) {
                throw $e;
            } catch ( Exception $e ) {
                // Unrecognized timezone, default to 'Offset' with the stored offset.
                $data[0] = 'Offset';
            }
        }
 
        if ( $data[0] == 'System' || $tz == '' ) {
            # Global offset in minutes.
            $minDiff = $localTZoffset;
        } elseif ( $data[0] == 'Offset' ) {
            $minDiff = intval( $data[1] );
        } else {
            $data = explode( ':', $tz );
            if ( count( $data ) == 2 ) {
                $data[0] = intval( $data[0] );
                $data[1] = intval( $data[1] );
                $minDiff = abs( $data[0] ) * 60 + $data[1];
                if ( $data[0] < 0 ) {
                    $minDiff = -$minDiff;
                }
            } else {
                $minDiff = intval( $data[0] ) * 60;
            }
        }
 
        # No difference ? Return time unchanged
        if ( $minDiff == 0 ) {
            return $ts;
        }
 
        // E_STRICT system time bitching
        AtEase::suppressWarnings();
        # Generate an adjusted date; take advantage of the fact that mktime
        # will normalize out-of-range values so we don't have to split $minDiff
        # into hours and minutes.
        $t = mktime( (
            (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) ), # Hours
            (int)substr( $ts, 10, 2 ) + $minDiff, # Minutes
            (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 ), # Seconds
            (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 ), # Month
            (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 ), # Day
            (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 ) ); # Year
 
        $date = date( 'YmdHis', $t );
        AtEase::restoreWarnings();
 
        return $date;
    }
 
    public function dateFormat( $usePrefs = true ) {
        if ( is_bool( $usePrefs ) ) {
            if ( $usePrefs ) {
                $datePreference = RequestContext::getMain()
                    ->getUser()
                    ->getDatePreference();
            } else {
                $userOptionsLookup = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getUserOptionsLookup();
                $datePreference = (string)$userOptionsLookup->getDefaultOption( 'date' );
            }
        } else {
            $datePreference = (string)$usePrefs;
        }
 
        // return int
        if ( $datePreference == '' ) {
            return 'default';
        }
 
        return $datePreference;
    }
 
    public function getDateFormatString( $type, $pref ) {
        $wasDefault = false;
        if ( $pref == 'default' ) {
            $wasDefault = true;
            $pref = $this->getDefaultDateFormat();
        }
 
        if ( !isset( $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref] ) ) {
            $df = $this->localisationCache
                ->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
 
            if ( $type === 'pretty' && $df === null ) {
                $df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'date', $pref );
            }
 
            if ( !$wasDefault && $df === null ) {
                $pref = $this->getDefaultDateFormat();
                $df = $this->localisationCache
                    ->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
            }
 
            $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref] = $df;
        }
        return $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref];
    }
 
    public function date( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false ) {
        $ts = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $ts );
        if ( $adj ) {
            $ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection );
        }
        $df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'date', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
        return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
    }
 
    public function time( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false ) {
        $ts = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $ts );
        if ( $adj ) {
            $ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection );
        }
        $df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'time', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
        return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
    }
 
    public function timeanddate( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false ) {
        $ts = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $ts );
        if ( $adj ) {
            $ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection );
        }
        $df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'both', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
        return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
    }
 
    public function formatDuration( $seconds, array $chosenIntervals = [] ) {
        $intervals = $this->getDurationIntervals( $seconds, $chosenIntervals );
 
        $segments = [];
 
        foreach ( $intervals as $intervalName => $intervalValue ) {
            // Messages: duration-seconds, duration-minutes, duration-hours, duration-days, duration-weeks,
            // duration-years, duration-decades, duration-centuries, duration-millennia
            $message = wfMessage( 'duration-' . $intervalName )->numParams( $intervalValue );
            $segments[] = $message->inLanguage( $this )->escaped();
        }
 
        return $this->listToText( $segments );
    }
 
    public function getDurationIntervals( $seconds, array $chosenIntervals = [] ) {
        if ( empty( $chosenIntervals ) ) {
            $chosenIntervals = [
                'millennia',
                'centuries',
                'decades',
                'years',
                'days',
                'hours',
                'minutes',
                'seconds'
            ];
        }
 
        $intervals = array_intersect_key( self::DURATION_INTERVALS,
            array_fill_keys( $chosenIntervals, true ) );
        $sortedNames = array_keys( $intervals );
        $smallestInterval = array_pop( $sortedNames );
 
        $segments = [];
 
        foreach ( $intervals as $name => $length ) {
            $value = floor( $seconds / $length );
 
            if ( $value > 0 || ( $name == $smallestInterval && empty( $segments ) ) ) {
                $seconds -= $value * $length;
                $segments[$name] = $value;
            }
        }
 
        return $segments;
    }
 
    private function internalUserTimeAndDate( $type, $ts, UserIdentity $user, array $options ) {
        $ts = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $ts );
        $options += [ 'timecorrection' => true, 'format' => true ];
        if ( $options['timecorrection'] !== false ) {
            if ( $options['timecorrection'] === true ) {
                $offset = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()
                    ->getUserOptionsLookup()
                    ->getOption( $user, 'timecorrection' );
            } else {
                $offset = $options['timecorrection'];
            }
            $ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $offset );
        }
        if ( $options['format'] === true ) {
            $format = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()
                ->getUserFactory()
                ->newFromUserIdentity( $user )
                ->getDatePreference();
        } else {
            $format = $options['format'];
        }
        $df = $this->getDateFormatString( $type, $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
        return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
    }
 
    public function userDate( $ts, UserIdentity $user, array $options = [] ) {
        return $this->internalUserTimeAndDate( 'date', $ts, $user, $options );
    }
 
    public function userTime( $ts, UserIdentity $user, array $options = [] ) {
        return $this->internalUserTimeAndDate( 'time', $ts, $user, $options );
    }
 
    public function userTimeAndDate( $ts, UserIdentity $user, array $options = [] ) {
        return $this->internalUserTimeAndDate( 'both', $ts, $user, $options );
    }
 
    public function getHumanTimestamp(
        MWTimestamp $time, MWTimestamp $relativeTo = null, UserIdentity $user = null
    ) {
        $relativeTo ??= new MWTimestamp();
        if ( $user === null ) {
            $user = RequestContext::getMain()->getUser();
        } else {
            // For compatibility with the hook signature and self::getHumanTimestampInternal
            $user = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()
                ->getUserFactory()
                ->newFromUserIdentity( $user );
        }
 
        // Adjust for the user's timezone.
        $offsetThis = $time->offsetForUser( $user );
        $offsetRel = $relativeTo->offsetForUser( $user );
 
        $ts = '';
        if ( $this->getHookRunner()->onGetHumanTimestamp( $ts, $time, $relativeTo, $user, $this ) ) {
            $ts = $this->getHumanTimestampInternal( $time, $relativeTo, $user );
        }
 
        // Reset the timezone on the objects.
        $time->timestamp->sub( $offsetThis );
        $relativeTo->timestamp->sub( $offsetRel );
 
        return $ts;
    }
 
    private function getHumanTimestampInternal(
        MWTimestamp $ts, MWTimestamp $relativeTo, User $user
    ) {
        $diff = $ts->diff( $relativeTo );
        $diffDay = (bool)( (int)$ts->timestamp->format( 'w' ) -
            (int)$relativeTo->timestamp->format( 'w' ) );
        $days = $diff->days ?: (int)$diffDay;
 
        if ( $diff->invert ) {
            // Future dates: Use full timestamp
            $format = $this->getDateFormatString( 'both', $user->getDatePreference() ?: 'default' );
            $ts = $this->sprintfDate( $format, $ts->getTimestamp( TS_MW ) );
        } elseif (
            $days > 5 &&
            $ts->timestamp->format( 'Y' ) !== $relativeTo->timestamp->format( 'Y' )
        ) {
            // Timestamps are in different years and more than 5 days apart: use full date
            $format = $this->getDateFormatString( 'date', $user->getDatePreference() ?: 'default' );
            $ts = $this->sprintfDate( $format, $ts->getTimestamp( TS_MW ) );
        } elseif ( $days > 5 ) {
            // Timestamps are in same year and more than 5 days ago: show day and month only.
            $format = $this->getDateFormatString( 'pretty', $user->getDatePreference() ?: 'default' );
            $ts = $this->sprintfDate( $format, $ts->getTimestamp( TS_MW ) );
        } elseif ( $days > 1 ) {
            // Timestamp within the past 5 days: show the day of the week and time
            $format = $this->getDateFormatString( 'time', $user->getDatePreference() ?: 'default' );
            $weekday = self::WEEKDAY_MESSAGES[(int)$ts->timestamp->format( 'w' )];
            // The following messages are used here:
            // * sunday-at, monday-at, tuesday-at, wednesday-at, thursday-at, friday-at, saturday-at
            $ts = wfMessage( "$weekday-at" )
                ->inLanguage( $this )
                ->params( $this->sprintfDate( $format, $ts->getTimestamp( TS_MW ) ) )
                ->text();
        } elseif ( $days == 1 ) {
            // Timestamp was yesterday: say 'yesterday' and the time.
            $format = $this->getDateFormatString( 'time', $user->getDatePreference() ?: 'default' );
            $ts = wfMessage( 'yesterday-at' )
                ->inLanguage( $this )
                ->params( $this->sprintfDate( $format, $ts->getTimestamp( TS_MW ) ) )
                ->text();
        } elseif ( $diff->h > 1 || $diff->h == 1 && $diff->i > 30 ) {
            // Timestamp was today, but more than 90 minutes ago: say 'today' and the time.
            $format = $this->getDateFormatString( 'time', $user->getDatePreference() ?: 'default' );
            $ts = wfMessage( 'today-at' )
                ->inLanguage( $this )
                ->params( $this->sprintfDate( $format, $ts->getTimestamp( TS_MW ) ) )
                ->text();
 
        // From here on in, the timestamp was soon enough ago so that we can simply say
        // XX units ago, e.g., "2 hours ago" or "5 minutes ago"
        } elseif ( $diff->h == 1 ) {
            // Less than 90 minutes, but more than an hour ago.
            $ts = wfMessage( 'hours-ago' )->inLanguage( $this )->numParams( 1 )->text();
        } elseif ( $diff->i >= 1 ) {
            // A few minutes ago.
            $ts = wfMessage( 'minutes-ago' )->inLanguage( $this )->numParams( $diff->i )->text();
        } elseif ( $diff->s >= 30 ) {
            // Less than a minute, but more than 30 sec ago.
            $ts = wfMessage( 'seconds-ago' )->inLanguage( $this )->numParams( $diff->s )->text();
        } else {
            // Less than 30 seconds ago.
            $ts = wfMessage( 'just-now' )->text();
        }
 
        return $ts;
    }
 
    public function getGroupName( $group ) {
        $msg = $this->msg( "group-$group" );
        return $msg->isBlank() ? $group : $msg->text();
    }
 
    public function getGroupMemberName( string $group, $member ) {
        if ( $member instanceof UserIdentity ) {
            $member = $member->getName();
        }
        $msg = $this->msg( "group-$group-member", $member );
        return $msg->isBlank() ? $group : $msg->text();
    }
 
    public function getMessage( $key ) {
        return $this->localisationCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'messages', $key );
    }
 
    public function getAllMessages() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'messages' );
    }
 
    public function iconv( $in, $out, $string ) {
        # Even with //IGNORE iconv can whine about illegal characters in
        # *input* string. We just ignore those too.
        # REF: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=37166
        # REF: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T18885
        AtEase::suppressWarnings();
        $text = iconv( $in, $out . '//IGNORE', $string );
        AtEase::restoreWarnings();
        return $text;
    }
 
    public function ucfirst( $str ) {
        $octetCode = ord( $str );
        // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Printable_characters
        if ( $octetCode < 96 ) {
            // Assume this is an uppercase/uncased ASCII character
            return (string)$str;
        } elseif ( $octetCode < 128 ) {
            // Assume this is a lowercase/uncased ASCII character
            return ucfirst( $str );
        }
        $first = mb_substr( $str, 0, 1 );
        if ( strlen( $first ) === 1 ) {
            // Broken UTF-8?
            return ucfirst( $str );
        }
 
        // Memoize the config table
        $overrides = $this->overrideUcfirstCharacters
            ??= $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::OverrideUcfirstCharacters );
 
        // Use the config table and fall back to MB_CASE_TITLE
        $ucFirst = $overrides[$first] ?? mb_convert_case( $first, MB_CASE_TITLE );
        if ( $ucFirst !== $first ) {
            return $ucFirst . mb_substr( $str, 1 );
        } else {
            return $str;
        }
    }
 
    public function uc( $str, $first = false ) {
        if ( $first ) {
            return $this->ucfirst( $str );
        } else {
            return $this->isMultibyte( $str ) ? mb_strtoupper( $str ) : strtoupper( $str );
        }
    }
 
    public function lcfirst( $str ) {
        $octetCode = ord( $str );
        // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Printable_characters
        if ( $octetCode < 96 ) {
            // Assume this is an uppercase/uncased ASCII character
            return lcfirst( $str );
        } elseif ( $octetCode < 128 ) {
            // Assume this is a lowercase/uncased ASCII character
            return (string)$str;
        }
 
        return $this->isMultibyte( $str )
            // Assume this is a multibyte character and mb_internal_encoding() is appropriate
            ? mb_strtolower( mb_substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . mb_substr( $str, 1 )
            // Assume this is a non-multibyte character and LC_CASE is appropriate
            : lcfirst( $str );
    }
 
    public function lc( $str, $first = false ) {
        if ( $first ) {
            return $this->lcfirst( $str );
        } else {
            return $this->isMultibyte( $str ) ? mb_strtolower( $str ) : strtolower( $str );
        }
    }
 
    private function isMultibyte( $str ) {
        return strlen( $str ) !== mb_strlen( $str );
    }
 
    public function ucwords( $str ) {
        if ( $this->isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
            $str = $this->lc( $str );
 
            // regexp to find first letter in each word (i.e. after each space)
            $replaceRegexp = "/^([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)| ([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/";
 
            // function to use to capitalize a single char
            return preg_replace_callback(
                $replaceRegexp,
                static function ( $matches ) {
                    return mb_strtoupper( $matches[0] );
                },
                $str
            );
        } else {
            return ucwords( strtolower( $str ) );
        }
    }
 
    public function ucwordbreaks( $str ) {
        if ( $this->isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
            $str = $this->lc( $str );
 
            // since \b doesn't work for UTF-8, we explicitly define word break chars
            $breaks = "[ \-\‍(\‍)\}\{\.,\?!]";
 
            // find first letter after word break
            $replaceRegexp = "/^([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)|" .
                "$breaks([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/";
 
            return preg_replace_callback(
                $replaceRegexp,
                static function ( $matches ) {
                    return mb_strtoupper( $matches[0] );
                },
                $str
            );
        } else {
            return preg_replace_callback(
                '/\b([\w\x80-\xff]+)\b/',
                function ( $matches ) {
                    return $this->ucfirst( $matches[1] );
                },
                $str
            );
        }
    }
 
    public function caseFold( $s ) {
        return $this->uc( $s );
    }
 
    public function checkTitleEncoding( $s ) {
        if ( is_array( $s ) ) {
            throw new MWException( 'Given array to checkTitleEncoding.' );
        }
        if ( StringUtils::isUtf8( $s ) ) {
            return $s;
        }
 
        return $this->iconv( $this->fallback8bitEncoding(), 'utf-8', $s );
    }
 
    public function fallback8bitEncoding() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'fallback8bitEncoding' );
    }
 
    public function hasWordBreaks() {
        return true;
    }
 
    public function segmentByWord( $string ) {
        return $string;
    }
 
    public function normalizeForSearch( $string ) {
        return self::convertDoubleWidth( $string );
    }
 
    protected static function convertDoubleWidth( $string ) {
        static $full = null;
        static $half = null;
 
        if ( $full === null ) {
            $fullWidth = "０１２３４５６７８９ＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨＩＪＫＬＭＮＯＰＱＲＳＴＵＶＷＸＹＺａｂｃｄｅｆｇｈｉｊｋｌｍｎｏｐｑｒｓｔｕｖｗｘｙｚ";
            $halfWidth = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
            $full = str_split( $fullWidth, 3 );
            $half = str_split( $halfWidth );
        }
 
        $string = str_replace( $full, $half, $string );
        return $string;
    }
 
    protected static function insertSpace( $string, $pattern ) {
        $string = preg_replace( $pattern, " $1 ", $string );
        $string = preg_replace( '/ +/', ' ', $string );
        return $string;
    }
 
    public function convertForSearchResult( $termsArray ) {
        # some languages, e.g. Chinese, need to do a conversion
        # in order for search results to be displayed correctly
        return $termsArray;
    }
 
    public function firstChar( $s ) {
        $firstChar = mb_substr( $s, 0, 1 );
 
        if ( $firstChar === '' || strlen( $firstChar ) != 3 ) {
            return $firstChar;
        }
 
        // Break down Hangul syllables to grab the first jamo
        $code = mb_ord( $firstChar );
        if ( $code < 0xac00 || $code >= 0xd7a4 ) {
            return $firstChar;
        } elseif ( $code < 0xb098 ) {
            return "\u{3131}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xb2e4 ) {
            return "\u{3134}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xb77c ) {
            return "\u{3137}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xb9c8 ) {
            return "\u{3139}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xbc14 ) {
            return "\u{3141}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xc0ac ) {
            return "\u{3142}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xc544 ) {
            return "\u{3145}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xc790 ) {
            return "\u{3147}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xcc28 ) {
            return "\u{3148}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xce74 ) {
            return "\u{314A}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xd0c0 ) {
            return "\u{314B}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xd30c ) {
            return "\u{314C}";
        } elseif ( $code < 0xd558 ) {
            return "\u{314D}";
        } else {
            return "\u{314E}";
        }
    }
 
    public function normalize( $s ) {
        $allUnicodeFixes = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::AllUnicodeFixes );
 
        $s = UtfNormal\Validator::cleanUp( $s );
        // Optimization: This is disabled by default to avoid negative performance impact.
        if ( $allUnicodeFixes ) {
            $s = $this->transformUsingPairFile( MediaWiki\Languages\Data\NormalizeAr::class, $s );
            $s = $this->transformUsingPairFile( MediaWiki\Languages\Data\NormalizeMl::class, $s );
        }
 
        return $s;
    }
 
    protected function transformUsingPairFile( string $dataClass, string $input ): string {
        if ( !isset( $this->transformData[$dataClass] ) ) {
            $this->transformData[$dataClass] = new ReplacementArray( $dataClass::PAIRS );
        }
 
        return $this->transformData[$dataClass]->replace( $input );
    }
 
    public function isRTL() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'rtl' );
    }
 
    public function getDir() {
        return $this->isRTL() ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
    }
 
    public function alignStart() {
        return $this->isRTL() ? 'right' : 'left';
    }
 
    public function alignEnd() {
        return $this->isRTL() ? 'left' : 'right';
    }
 
    public function getDirMarkEntity( $opposite = false ) {
        if ( $opposite ) {
            return $this->isRTL() ? '&lrm;' : '&rlm;';
        }
        return $this->isRTL() ? '&rlm;' : '&lrm;';
    }
 
    public function getDirMark( $opposite = false ) {
        $lrm = "\u{200E}"; # LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK, commonly abbreviated LRM
        $rlm = "\u{200F}"; # RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK, commonly abbreviated RLM
        if ( $opposite ) {
            return $this->isRTL() ? $lrm : $rlm;
        }
        return $this->isRTL() ? $rlm : $lrm;
    }
 
    public function getArrow( $direction = 'forwards' ) {
        switch ( $direction ) {
            case 'forwards':
                return $this->isRTL() ? '←' : '→';
            case 'backwards':
                return $this->isRTL() ? '→' : '←';
            case 'left':
                return '←';
            case 'right':
                return '→';
            case 'up':
                return '↑';
            case 'down':
                return '↓';
        }
    }
 
    public function linkPrefixExtension() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'linkPrefixExtension' );
    }
 
    public function getMagicWords() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'magicWords' );
    }
 
    public function getMagic( $mw ) {
        $rawEntry = $this->mMagicExtensions[$mw->mId] ??
            $this->localisationCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'magicWords', $mw->mId );
 
        if ( !is_array( $rawEntry ) ) {
            wfWarn( "\"$rawEntry\" is not a valid magic word for \"$mw->mId\"" );
        } else {
            $mw->mCaseSensitive = $rawEntry[0];
            $mw->mSynonyms = array_slice( $rawEntry, 1 );
        }
    }
 
    public function getSpecialPageAliases() {
        // Cache aliases because it may be slow to load them
        $this->mExtendedSpecialPageAliases ??=
            $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'specialPageAliases' );
 
        return $this->mExtendedSpecialPageAliases;
    }
 
    public function emphasize( $text ) {
        return "<em>$text</em>";
    }
 
    public function formatNum( $number, $noSeparators = null ) {
        if ( $noSeparators !== null ) {
            wfDeprecated( __METHOD__ . ' with $noSeparators parameter', '1.36' );
        } else {
            // The legacy default value.
            $noSeparators = false;
        }
        return $this->formatNumInternal( (string)$number, false, $noSeparators );
    }
 
    private function formatNumInternal(
        string $number, bool $noTranslate, bool $noSeparators
    ): string {
        $translateNumerals = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::TranslateNumerals );
 
        if ( $number === '' ) {
            return $number;
        }
        if ( $number === (string)NAN ) {
            return $this->msg( 'formatnum-nan' )->text();
        }
        if ( $number === (string)INF ) {
            return "∞";
        }
        if ( $number === (string)-INF ) {
            return "\u{2212}∞";
        }
        if ( !is_numeric( $number ) ) {
            # T267587: downgrade this to level:warn while we chase down the long
            # trail of callers.
            # wfDeprecated( 'Language::formatNum with a non-numeric string', '1.36' );
            LoggerFactory::getInstance( 'formatnum' )->warning(
                'Language::formatNum with non-numeric string',
                [ 'number' => $number ]
            );
            $validNumberRe = '(-(?=[\d\.]))?(\d+|(?=\.\d))(\.\d*)?([Ee][-+]?\d+)?';
            // For backwards-compat, apply formatNum piecewise on the valid
            // numbers in the string. Don't split on NAN/INF in this legacy
            // case as they are likely to be found embedded inside non-numeric
            // text.
            return preg_replace_callback( "/{$validNumberRe}/", function ( $m )  use ( $noTranslate, $noSeparators ) {
                return $this->formatNumInternal( $m[0], $noTranslate, $noSeparators );
            }, $number );
        }
 
        if ( !$noSeparators ) {
            $separatorTransformTable = $this->separatorTransformTable();
            $digitGroupingPattern = $this->digitGroupingPattern();
            $code = $this->getCode();
            if ( !( $translateNumerals && $this->langNameUtils->isValidCode( $code ) ) ) {
                $code = 'C'; // POSIX system default locale
            }
 
            if ( $digitGroupingPattern ) {
                $fmt = new NumberFormatter(
                    $code, NumberFormatter::PATTERN_DECIMAL, $digitGroupingPattern
                );
            } else {
                $fmt = new NumberFormatter( $code, NumberFormatter::DECIMAL );
            }
 
            // minimumGroupingDigits can be used to suppress groupings below a certain value.
            // This is used for languages such as Polish, where one would only write the grouping
            // separator for values above 9999 - numbers with more than 4 digits.
            // NumberFormatter is yet to support minimumGroupingDigits, ICU has it as experimental feature.
            // The attribute value is used by adding it to the grouping separator value. If
            // the input number has fewer integer digits, the grouping separator is suppressed.
            $minimumGroupingDigits = $this->minimumGroupingDigits() ?? 0;
            // Minimum length of a number to do digit grouping on.
            // http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-numbers.html#Examples_of_minimumGroupingDigits
            $minimumLength = $minimumGroupingDigits + $fmt->getAttribute( NumberFormatter::GROUPING_SIZE );
            if ( $minimumGroupingDigits && !preg_match( '/^\-?\d{' . $minimumLength . '}/', $number ) ) {
                // Even if number does not need commafy, do decimal
                // separator transformation.  For example 1234.56 becomes
                // 1234,56 in pl with $minimumGroupingDigits = 2
                if ( !$noTranslate ) {
                    $number = strtr( $number, $separatorTransformTable ?: [] );
                }
            } elseif ( $number === '-0' ) {
                // Special case to ensure we don't lose the minus sign by
                // converting to an int.
                if ( !$noTranslate ) {
                    $number = strtr( $number, $separatorTransformTable ?: [] );
                }
            } else {
                // NumberFormatter supports separator transformation,
                // but it does not know all languages MW
                // supports. Example: arq. Also, languages like pl has
                // customisation.  So manually set it.
                if ( $noTranslate ) {
                    $fmt->setSymbol(
                        NumberFormatter::DECIMAL_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL,
                        '.'
                    );
                    $fmt->setSymbol(
                        NumberFormatter::GROUPING_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL,
                        ','
                    );
                } elseif ( $separatorTransformTable ) {
                    $fmt->setSymbol(
                        NumberFormatter::DECIMAL_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL,
                        $separatorTransformTable[ '.' ] ?? '.'
                    );
                    $fmt->setSymbol(
                        NumberFormatter::GROUPING_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL,
                        $separatorTransformTable[ ',' ] ?? ','
                    );
                }
 
                // Maintain # of digits before and after the decimal point
                // (and presence of decimal point)
                if ( preg_match( '/^-?(\d*)(\.(\d*))?$/', $number, $m ) ) {
                    $fmt->setAttribute( NumberFormatter::MIN_INTEGER_DIGITS, strlen( $m[1] ) );
                    if ( isset( $m[2] ) ) {
                        $fmt->setAttribute( NumberFormatter::DECIMAL_ALWAYS_SHOWN, 1 );
                    }
                    $fmt->setAttribute( NumberFormatter::FRACTION_DIGITS, strlen( $m[3] ?? '' ) );
                }
                $number = $fmt->format( (float)$number );
            }
        }
 
        if ( !$noTranslate ) {
            if ( $translateNumerals ) {
                // This is often unnecessary: PHP's NumberFormatter will often
                // do the digit transform itself (T267614)
                $s = $this->digitTransformTable();
                if ( $s ) {
                    $number = strtr( $number, $s );
                }
            }
            # T10327: Make our formatted numbers prettier by using a
            # proper Unicode 'minus' character.
            $number = strtr( $number, [ '-' => "\u{2212}" ] );
        }
 
        // Remove any LRM or RLM characters generated from NumberFormatter,
        // since directionality is handled outside of this context.
        // Similarly remove \u61C, the "Arabic Letter mark" (unicode 6.3.0)
        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_letter_mark
        // which is added starting PHP 7.3+
        $number = strtr( $number, [
            "\u{200E}" => '', // LRM
            "\u{200F}" => '', // RLM
            "\u{061C}" => '', // ALM
        ] );
 
        return $number;
    }
 
    public function formatNumNoSeparators( $number ) {
        return $this->formatNumInternal( (string)$number, false, true );
    }
 
    public function parseFormattedNumber( $number ) {
        if ( $number === $this->msg( 'formatnum-nan' )->text() ) {
            return (string)NAN;
        }
        if ( $number === "∞" ) {
            return (string)INF;
        }
        // Accept either ASCII hyphen-minus or the unicode minus emitted by
        // ::formatNum()
        $number = strtr( $number, [ "\u{2212}" => '-' ] );
        if ( $number === "-∞" ) {
            return (string)-INF;
        }
        $s = $this->digitTransformTable();
        if ( $s ) {
            // eliminate empty array values such as ''. (T66347)
            $s = array_filter( $s );
            $number = strtr( $number, array_flip( $s ) );
        }
 
        $s = $this->separatorTransformTable();
        if ( $s ) {
            // eliminate empty array values such as ''. (T66347)
            $s = array_filter( $s );
            $number = strtr( $number, array_flip( $s ) );
        }
 
        $number = strtr( $number, [ ',' => '' ] );
        return $number;
    }
 
    public function commafy( $number ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.36' );
        // Validate the input argument.
        if ( $number === null || $number === '' ) {
            return '';
        }
        return $this->formatNumInternal( $number, true, false );
    }
 
    public function digitGroupingPattern() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'digitGroupingPattern' );
    }
 
    public function digitTransformTable() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'digitTransformTable' );
    }
 
    public function separatorTransformTable() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'separatorTransformTable' );
    }
 
    public function minimumGroupingDigits() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'minimumGroupingDigits' );
    }
 
    public function listToText( array $list ) {
        $itemCount = count( $list );
        if ( $itemCount < 1 ) {
            return '';
        }
        $text = array_pop( $list );
        if ( $itemCount > 1 ) {
            $and = $this->msg( 'and' )->escaped();
            $space = $this->msg( 'word-separator' )->escaped();
            $comma = '';
            if ( $itemCount > 2 ) {
                $comma = $this->msg( 'comma-separator' )->escaped();
            }
            $text = implode( $comma, $list ) . $and . $space . $text;
        }
        // @phan-suppress-next-line PhanTypeMismatchReturnNullable False positive
        return $text;
    }
 
    public function commaList( array $list ) {
        return implode(
            wfMessage( 'comma-separator' )->inLanguage( $this )->escaped(),
            $list
        );
    }
 
    public function semicolonList( array $list ) {
        return implode(
            wfMessage( 'semicolon-separator' )->inLanguage( $this )->escaped(),
            $list
        );
    }
 
    public function pipeList( array $list ) {
        return implode(
            wfMessage( 'pipe-separator' )->inLanguage( $this )->escaped(),
            $list
        );
    }
 
    public function truncateForDatabase( $string, $length, $ellipsis = '...', $adjustLength = true ) {
        return $this->truncateInternal(
            $string, $length, $ellipsis, $adjustLength, 'strlen', 'mb_strcut'
        );
    }
 
    public function truncateForVisual( $string, $length, $ellipsis = '...', $adjustLength = true ) {
        // Passing encoding to mb_strlen and mb_substr is optional.
        // Encoding defaults to mb_internal_encoding(), which is set to UTF-8 in Setup.php, so
        // explicit specification of encoding is skipped.
        // Note: Both multibyte methods are callables invoked in truncateInternal.
        return $this->truncateInternal(
            $string, $length, $ellipsis, $adjustLength, 'mb_strlen', 'mb_substr'
        );
    }
 
    private function truncateInternal(
        $string, $length, $ellipsis, $adjustLength, callable $measureLength, callable $getSubstring
    ) {
        # Check if there is no need to truncate
        if ( $measureLength( $string ) <= abs( $length ) ) {
            return $string; // no need to truncate
        }
 
        # Use the localized ellipsis character
        if ( $ellipsis == '...' ) {
            $ellipsis = wfMessage( 'ellipsis' )->inLanguage( $this )->text();
        }
        if ( $length == 0 ) {
            return $ellipsis; // convention
        }
 
        $stringOriginal = $string;
        # If ellipsis length is >= $length then we can't apply $adjustLength
        if ( $adjustLength && $measureLength( $ellipsis ) >= abs( $length ) ) {
            $string = $ellipsis; // this can be slightly unexpected
        # Otherwise, truncate and add ellipsis...
        } else {
            $ellipsisLength = $adjustLength ? $measureLength( $ellipsis ) : 0;
            if ( $length > 0 ) {
                $length -= $ellipsisLength;
                $string = $getSubstring( $string, 0, $length ); // xyz...
                $string = rtrim( $string ) . $ellipsis;
            } else {
                $length += $ellipsisLength;
                $string = $getSubstring( $string, $length ); // ...xyz
                $string = $ellipsis . ltrim( $string );
            }
        }
 
        # Do not truncate if the ellipsis makes the string longer/equal (T24181).
        # This check is *not* redundant if $adjustLength, due to the single case where
        # LEN($ellipsis) > ABS($limit arg); $stringOriginal could be shorter than $string.
        if ( $measureLength( $string ) < $measureLength( $stringOriginal ) ) {
            return $string;
        } else {
            return $stringOriginal;
        }
    }
 
    protected function removeBadCharLast( $string ) {
        if ( $string != '' ) {
            $char = ord( $string[strlen( $string ) - 1] );
            $m = [];
            if ( $char >= 0xc0 ) {
                # We got the first byte only of a multibyte char; remove it.
                $string = substr( $string, 0, -1 );
            } elseif ( $char >= 0x80 &&
                // Use the /s modifier (PCRE_DOTALL) so (.*) also matches newlines
                preg_match( '/^(.*)(?:[\xe0-\xef][\x80-\xbf]|' .
                    '[\xf0-\xf7][\x80-\xbf]{1,2})$/s', $string, $m )
            ) {
                # We chopped in the middle of a character; remove it
                $string = $m[1];
            }
        }
        return $string;
    }
 
    public function truncateHtml( $text, $length, $ellipsis = '...' ) {
        # Use the localized ellipsis character
        if ( $ellipsis == '...' ) {
            $ellipsis = wfMessage( 'ellipsis' )->inLanguage( $this )->escaped();
        }
        # Check if there is clearly no need to truncate
        if ( $length <= 0 ) {
            return $ellipsis; // no text shown, nothing to format (convention)
        } elseif ( strlen( $text ) <= $length ) {
            return $text; // string short enough even *with* HTML (short-circuit)
        }
 
        $dispLen = 0; // innerHTML length so far
        $testingEllipsis = false; // checking if ellipses will make string longer/equal?
        $tagType = 0; // 0-open, 1-close
        $bracketState = 0; // 1-tag start, 2-tag name, 0-neither
        $entityState = 0; // 0-not entity, 1-entity
        $tag = $ret = ''; // accumulated tag name, accumulated result string
        $openTags = []; // open tag stack
        $maybeState = null; // possible truncation state
 
        $textLen = strlen( $text );
        $neLength = max( 0, $length - strlen( $ellipsis ) ); // non-ellipsis len if truncated
        for ( $pos = 0; true; ++$pos ) {
            # Consider truncation once the display length has reached the maximum.
            # We check if $dispLen > 0 to grab tags for the $neLength = 0 case.
            # Check that we're not in the middle of a bracket/entity...
            if ( $dispLen && $dispLen >= $neLength && $bracketState == 0 && !$entityState ) {
                if ( !$testingEllipsis ) {
                    $testingEllipsis = true;
                    # Save where we are; we will truncate here unless there turn out to
                    # be so few remaining characters that truncation is not necessary.
                    if ( !$maybeState ) { // already saved? ($neLength = 0 case)
                        $maybeState = [ $ret, $openTags ]; // save state
                    }
                } elseif ( $dispLen > $length && $dispLen > strlen( $ellipsis ) ) {
                    # String in fact does need truncation, the truncation point was OK.
                    // @phan-suppress-next-line PhanTypeInvalidExpressionArrayDestructuring
                    [ $ret, $openTags ] = $maybeState; // reload state
                    $ret = $this->removeBadCharLast( $ret ); // multi-byte char fix
                    $ret .= $ellipsis; // add ellipsis
                    break;
                }
            }
            if ( $pos >= $textLen ) {
                break; // extra iteration just for above checks
            }
 
            # Read the next char...
            $ch = $text[$pos];
            $lastCh = $pos ? $text[$pos - 1] : '';
            $ret .= $ch; // add to result string
            if ( $ch == '<' ) {
                $this->truncate_endBracket( $tag, $tagType, $lastCh, $openTags ); // for bad HTML
                $entityState = 0; // for bad HTML
                $bracketState = 1; // tag started (checking for backslash)
            } elseif ( $ch == '>' ) {
                $this->truncate_endBracket( $tag, $tagType, $lastCh, $openTags );
                $entityState = 0; // for bad HTML
                $bracketState = 0; // out of brackets
            } elseif ( $bracketState == 1 ) {
                if ( $ch == '/' ) {
                    $tagType = 1; // close tag (e.g. "</span>")
                } else {
                    $tagType = 0; // open tag (e.g. "<span>")
                    $tag .= $ch;
                }
                $bracketState = 2; // building tag name
            } elseif ( $bracketState == 2 ) {
                if ( $ch != ' ' ) {
                    $tag .= $ch;
                } else {
                    // Name found (e.g. "<a href=..."), add on tag attributes...
                    $pos += $this->truncate_skip( $ret, $text, "<>", $pos + 1 );
                }
            } elseif ( $bracketState == 0 ) {
                if ( $entityState ) {
                    if ( $ch == ';' ) {
                        $entityState = 0;
                        $dispLen++; // entity is one displayed char
                    }
                } else {
                    if ( $neLength == 0 && !$maybeState ) {
                        // Save state without $ch. We want to *hit* the first
                        // display char (to get tags) but not *use* it if truncating.
                        $maybeState = [ substr( $ret, 0, -1 ), $openTags ];
                    }
                    if ( $ch == '&' ) {
                        $entityState = 1; // entity found, (e.g. "&#160;")
                    } else {
                        $dispLen++; // this char is displayed
                        // Add the next $max display text chars after this in one swoop...
                        $max = ( $testingEllipsis ? $length : $neLength ) - $dispLen;
                        $skipped = $this->truncate_skip( $ret, $text, "<>&", $pos + 1, $max );
                        $dispLen += $skipped;
                        $pos += $skipped;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // Close the last tag if left unclosed by bad HTML
        $this->truncate_endBracket( $tag, $tagType, $text[$textLen - 1], $openTags );
        while ( count( $openTags ) > 0 ) {
            $ret .= '</' . array_pop( $openTags ) . '>'; // close open tags
        }
        return $ret;
    }
 
    private function truncate_skip( &$ret, $text, $search, $start, $len = null ) {
        if ( $len === null ) {
            // -1 means "no limit" for strcspn
            $len = -1;
        } elseif ( $len < 0 ) {
            $len = 0;
        }
        $skipCount = 0;
        if ( $start < strlen( $text ) ) {
            $skipCount = strcspn( $text, $search, $start, $len );
            $ret .= substr( $text, $start, $skipCount );
        }
        return $skipCount;
    }
 
    private function truncate_endBracket( &$tag, $tagType, $lastCh, &$openTags ) {
        $tag = ltrim( $tag );
        if ( $tag != '' ) {
            if ( $tagType == 0 && $lastCh != '/' ) {
                $openTags[] = $tag; // tag opened (didn't close itself)
            } elseif ( $tagType == 1 ) {
                if ( $openTags && $tag == $openTags[count( $openTags ) - 1] ) {
                    array_pop( $openTags ); // tag closed
                }
            }
            $tag = '';
        }
    }
 
    public function convertGrammar( $word, $case ) {
        $grammarForms = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::GrammarForms );
        if ( isset( $grammarForms[$this->getCode()][$case][$word] ) ) {
            return $grammarForms[$this->getCode()][$case][$word];
        }
 
        $grammarTransformations = $this->getGrammarTransformations();
 
        if ( isset( $grammarTransformations[$case] ) ) {
            $forms = $grammarTransformations[$case];
 
            // Some names of grammar rules are aliases for other rules.
            // In such cases the value is a string rather than object,
            // so load the actual rules.
            if ( is_string( $forms ) ) {
                $forms = $grammarTransformations[$forms];
            }
 
            foreach ( array_values( $forms ) as $rule ) {
                $form = $rule[0];
 
                if ( $form === '@metadata' ) {
                    continue;
                }
 
                $replacement = $rule[1];
 
                $regex = '/' . addcslashes( $form, '/' ) . '/u';
                $patternMatches = preg_match( $regex, $word );
 
                if ( $patternMatches === false ) {
                    wfLogWarning(
                        'An error occurred while processing grammar. ' .
                        "Word: '$word'. Regex: /$form/."
                    );
                } elseif ( $patternMatches === 1 ) {
                    $word = preg_replace( $regex, $replacement, $word );
 
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
 
        return $word;
    }
 
    public function getGrammarForms() {
        $grammarForms = $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::GrammarForms );
        if ( isset( $grammarForms[$this->getCode()] )
            && is_array( $grammarForms[$this->getCode()] )
        ) {
            return $grammarForms[$this->getCode()];
        }
 
        return [];
    }
 
    public function getGrammarTransformations() {
        global $IP;
        if ( $this->grammarTransformCache !== null ) {
            return $this->grammarTransformCache;
        }
 
        $grammarDataFile = $IP . "/languages/data/grammarTransformations/{$this->getCode()}.json";
        $this->grammarTransformCache = is_readable( $grammarDataFile )
            ? FormatJson::decode( file_get_contents( $grammarDataFile ), true )
            : [];
 
        if ( $this->grammarTransformCache === null ) {
            throw new MWException( "Invalid grammar data for \"{$this->getCode()}\"." );
        }
 
        return $this->grammarTransformCache;
    }
 
    public function gender( $gender, $forms ) {
        if ( !count( $forms ) ) {
            return '';
        }
        $forms = $this->preConvertPlural( $forms, 2 );
        if ( $gender === 'male' ) {
            return $forms[0];
        }
        if ( $gender === 'female' ) {
            return $forms[1];
        }
        return $forms[2] ?? $forms[0];
    }
 
    public function convertPlural( $count, $forms ) {
        // Handle explicit n=pluralform cases
        $forms = $this->handleExplicitPluralForms( $count, $forms );
        if ( is_string( $forms ) ) {
            return $forms;
        }
        if ( !count( $forms ) ) {
            return '';
        }
 
        $pluralForm = $this->getPluralRuleIndexNumber( $count );
        $pluralForm = min( $pluralForm, count( $forms ) - 1 );
        return $forms[$pluralForm];
    }
 
    protected function handleExplicitPluralForms( $count, array $forms ) {
        foreach ( $forms as $index => $form ) {
            if ( preg_match( '/\d+=/i', $form ) ) {
                $pos = strpos( $form, '=' );
                if ( substr( $form, 0, $pos ) === (string)$count ) {
                    return substr( $form, $pos + 1 );
                }
                unset( $forms[$index] );
            }
        }
        return array_values( $forms );
    }
 
    protected function preConvertPlural( /* Array */ $forms, $count ) {
        return array_pad( $forms, $count, end( $forms ) );
    }
 
    public function embedBidi( $text = '' ) {
        $dir = self::strongDirFromContent( $text );
        if ( $dir === 'ltr' ) {
            // Wrap in LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING ... POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
            return self::LRE . $text . self::PDF;
        }
        if ( $dir === 'rtl' ) {
            // Wrap in RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING ... POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
            return self::RLE . $text . self::PDF;
        }
        // No strong directionality: do not wrap
        return $text;
    }
 
    public function translateBlockExpiry( $str, UserIdentity $user = null, $now = 0 ) {
        $duration = SpecialBlock::getSuggestedDurations( $this );
        foreach ( $duration as $show => $value ) {
            if ( strcmp( $str, $value ) == 0 ) {
                return trim( $show );
            }
        }
 
        if ( wfIsInfinity( $str ) ) {
            foreach ( $duration as $show => $value ) {
                if ( wfIsInfinity( $value ) ) {
                    return trim( $show );
                }
            }
        }
 
        // If all else fails, return a standard duration or timestamp description.
        $time = strtotime( $str, $now );
        if ( $time === false ) { // Unknown format. Return it as-is in case.
            return $str;
        } elseif ( $time !== strtotime( $str, $now + 1 ) ) { // It's a relative timestamp.
            // The result differs based on current time, so the difference
            // is a fixed duration length.
            return $this->formatDuration( $time - $now );
        } else { // It's an absolute timestamp.
            if ( $time === 0 ) {
                // wfTimestamp() handles 0 as current time instead of epoch.
                $time = '19700101000000';
            }
            if ( $user ) {
                return $this->userTimeAndDate( $time, $user );
            }
            return $this->timeanddate( $time );
        }
    }
 
    public function segmentForDiff( $text ) {
        return $text;
    }
 
    public function unsegmentForDiff( $text ) {
        return $text;
    }
 
    public function getConverter(): ILanguageConverter {
        return $this->converterFactory->getLanguageConverter( $this );
    }
 
    public function autoConvert( $text, $variant = false ) {
        return $this->getConverter()->autoConvert( $text, $variant );
    }
 
    public function autoConvertToAllVariants( $text ) {
        return $this->getConverter()->autoConvertToAllVariants( $text );
    }
 
    public function convert( $text ) {
        return $this->getConverter()->convert( $text );
    }
 
    public function convertNamespace( $ns, $variant = null ) {
        return $this->getConverter()->convertNamespace( $ns, $variant );
    }
 
    public function hasVariants() {
        return count( $this->getVariants() ) > 1;
    }
 
    public function hasVariant( $variant ) {
        return $this->getConverter()->hasVariant( $variant );
    }
 
    public function convertHtml( $text ) {
        return htmlspecialchars( $this->convert( $text ) );
    }
 
    public function convertCategoryKey( $key ) {
        return $this->getConverter()->convertCategoryKey( $key );
    }
 
    public function getVariants() {
        return $this->getConverter()->getVariants();
    }
 
    public function getPreferredVariant() {
        return $this->getConverter()->getPreferredVariant();
    }
 
    public function getDefaultVariant() {
        return $this->getConverter()->getDefaultVariant();
    }
 
    public function getURLVariant() {
        return $this->getConverter()->getURLVariant();
    }
 
    public function getExtraHashOptions() {
        return $this->getConverter()->getExtraHashOptions();
    }
 
    public function linkTrail() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'linkTrail' );
    }
 
    public function linkPrefixCharset() {
        return $this->localisationCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'linkPrefixCharset' );
    }
 
    public function getParentLanguage() {
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageFactory()
            ->getParentLanguage( $this );
    }
 
    public function equals( Language $lang ) {
        return $lang === $this || $lang->getCode() === $this->mCode;
    }
 
    public function getCode() {
        return $this->mCode;
    }
 
    public function getHtmlCode() {
        $this->mHtmlCode ??= LanguageCode::bcp47( $this->getCode() );
        return $this->mHtmlCode;
    }
 
    public function toBcp47Code(): string {
        return $this->getHtmlCode();
    }
 
    public static function getCodeFromFileName( $filename, $prefix = 'Language', $suffix = '.php' ) {
        $m = null;
        preg_match( '/' . preg_quote( $prefix, '/' ) . '([A-Z][a-z_]+)' .
            preg_quote( $suffix, '/' ) . '/', $filename, $m );
        if ( !count( $m ) ) {
            return false;
        }
        return str_replace( '_', '-', strtolower( $m[1] ) );
    }
 
    public static function getFileName( $prefix, $code, $suffix = '.php' ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->getFileName( $prefix, $code, $suffix );
    }
 
    public static function getMessagesFileName( $code ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->getMessagesFileName( $code );
    }
 
    public static function getJsonMessagesFileName( $code ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.34' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageNameUtils()
            ->getJsonMessagesFileName( $code );
    }
 
    public static function getFallbackFor( $code ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.35' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageFallback()->getFirst( $code )
            ?? false;
    }
 
    public static function getFallbacksFor( $code, $mode = LanguageFallback::MESSAGES ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.35' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageFallback()->getAll( $code, $mode );
    }
 
    public static function getFallbacksIncludingSiteLanguage( $code ) {
        wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.35' );
        return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLanguageFallback()
            ->getAllIncludingSiteLanguage( $code );
    }
 
    public static function getMessagesFor( $code ) {
        return self::getLocalisationCache()->getItem( $code, 'messages' );
    }
 
    public static function getMessageFor( $key, $code ) {
        return self::getLocalisationCache()->getSubitem( $code, 'messages', $key );
    }
 
    public static function getMessageKeysFor( $code ) {
        return self::getLocalisationCache()->getSubitemList( $code, 'messages' );
    }
 
    private function fixVariableInNamespace( $talk ) {
        if ( strpos( $talk, '$1' ) === false ) {
            return $talk;
        }
 
        $talk = str_replace( '$1', $this->config->get( MainConfigNames::MetaNamespace ), $talk );
 
        # Allow grammar transformations
        # Allowing full message-style parsing would make simple requests
        # such as action=raw much more expensive than they need to be.
        # This will hopefully cover most cases.
        $talk = preg_replace_callback(
            '/{{grammar:(.*?)\|(.*?)}}/i',
            function ( $m ) {
                return $this->convertGrammar( trim( $m[2] ), trim( $m[1] ) );
            },
            $talk
        );
        return str_replace( ' ', '_', $talk );
    }
 
    public function formatExpiry( $expiry, $format = true, $infinity = 'infinity', $user = null ) {
        static $dbInfinity;
        $dbInfinity ??= wfGetDB( DB_REPLICA )->getInfinity();
 
        if ( $expiry == '' || $expiry === 'infinity' || $expiry == $dbInfinity ) {
            return $format === true
                ? $this->getMessageFromDB( 'infiniteblock' )
                : $infinity;
        } else {
            if ( $format === true ) {
                return $user
                    ? $this->userTimeAndDate( $expiry, $user )
                    : $this->timeanddate( $expiry, /* User preference timezone */ true );
            }
            return wfTimestamp( $format, $expiry );
        }
    }
 
    public function formatTimePeriod( $seconds, $format = [] ) {
        if ( !is_array( $format ) ) {
            $format = [ 'avoid' => $format ]; // For backwards compatibility
        }
        if ( !isset( $format['avoid'] ) ) {
            $format['avoid'] = false;
        }
        if ( !isset( $format['noabbrevs'] ) ) {
            $format['noabbrevs'] = false;
        }
        $secondsMsg = wfMessage(
            $format['noabbrevs'] ? 'seconds' : 'seconds-abbrev' )->inLanguage( $this );
        $minutesMsg = wfMessage(
            $format['noabbrevs'] ? 'minutes' : 'minutes-abbrev' )->inLanguage( $this );
        $hoursMsg = wfMessage(
            $format['noabbrevs'] ? 'hours' : 'hours-abbrev' )->inLanguage( $this );
        $daysMsg = wfMessage(
            $format['noabbrevs'] ? 'days' : 'days-abbrev' )->inLanguage( $this );
 
        if ( round( $seconds * 10 ) < 100 ) {
            $s = $this->formatNum( sprintf( "%.1f", round( $seconds * 10 ) / 10 ) );
            $s = $secondsMsg->params( $s )->text();
        } elseif ( round( $seconds ) < 60 ) {
            $s = $this->formatNum( round( $seconds ) );
            $s = $secondsMsg->params( $s )->text();
        } elseif ( round( $seconds ) < 3600 ) {
            $minutes = floor( $seconds / 60 );
            $secondsPart = round( fmod( $seconds, 60 ) );
            if ( $secondsPart == 60 ) {
                $secondsPart = 0;
                $minutes++;
            }
            $s = $minutesMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $minutes ) )->text();
            $s .= ' ';
            $s .= $secondsMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $secondsPart ) )->text();
        } elseif ( round( $seconds ) <= 2 * 86400 ) {
            $hours = floor( $seconds / 3600 );
            $minutes = floor( ( $seconds - $hours * 3600 ) / 60 );
            $secondsPart = round( $seconds - $hours * 3600 - $minutes * 60 );
            if ( $secondsPart == 60 ) {
                $secondsPart = 0;
                $minutes++;
            }
            if ( $minutes == 60 ) {
                $minutes = 0;
                $hours++;
            }
            $s = $hoursMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $hours ) )->text();
            $s .= ' ';
            $s .= $minutesMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $minutes ) )->text();
            if ( !in_array( $format['avoid'], [ 'avoidseconds', 'avoidminutes', 'avoidhours' ] ) ) {
                $s .= ' ' . $secondsMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $secondsPart ) )->text();
            }
        } else {
            $days = floor( $seconds / 86400 );
            if ( $format['avoid'] === 'avoidhours' ) {
                $hours = round( ( $seconds - $days * 86400 ) / 3600 );
                if ( $hours == 24 ) {
                    $days++;
                }
                $s = $daysMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $days ) )->text();
            } elseif ( $format['avoid'] === 'avoidminutes' ) {
                $hours = round( ( $seconds - $days * 86400 ) / 3600 );
                if ( $hours == 24 ) {
                    $hours = 0;
                    $days++;
                }
                $s = $daysMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $days ) )->text();
                $s .= ' ';
                $s .= $hoursMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $hours ) )->text();
            } elseif ( $format['avoid'] === 'avoidseconds' ) {
                $hours = floor( ( $seconds - $days * 86400 ) / 3600 );
                $minutes = round( ( $seconds - $days * 86400 - $hours * 3600 ) / 60 );
                if ( $minutes == 60 ) {
                    $minutes = 0;
                    $hours++;
                }
                if ( $hours == 24 ) {
                    $hours = 0;
                    $days++;
                }
                $s = $daysMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $days ) )->text();
                $s .= ' ';
                $s .= $hoursMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $hours ) )->text();
                $s .= ' ';
                $s .= $minutesMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $minutes ) )->text();
            } else {
                $s = $daysMsg->params( $this->formatNum( $days ) )->text();
                $s .= ' ';
                $s .= $this->formatTimePeriod( $seconds - $days * 86400, $format );
            }
        }
        return $s;
    }
 
    public function formatBitrate( $bps ) {
        // messages used: bitrate-bits, bitrate-kilobits, bitrate-megabits, bitrate-gigabits, bitrate-terabits,
        // bitrate-petabits, bitrate-exabits, bitrate-zettabits, bitrate-yottabits, bitrate-ronnabits,
        // bitrate-quettabits
        return $this->formatComputingNumbers( $bps, 1000, "bitrate-$1bits" );
    }
 
    public function formatComputingNumbers( $size, $boundary, $messageKey ) {
        if ( $size <= 0 ) {
            return str_replace( '$1', $this->formatNum( $size ),
                $this->getMessageFromDB( str_replace( '$1', '', $messageKey ) )
            );
        }
        $sizes = [ '', 'kilo', 'mega', 'giga', 'tera', 'peta', 'exa', 'zetta', 'yotta', 'ronna', 'quetta' ];
        $index = 0;
 
        $maxIndex = count( $sizes ) - 1;
        while ( $size >= $boundary && $index < $maxIndex ) {
            $index++;
            $size /= $boundary;
        }
 
        // For small sizes no decimal places necessary
        $round = 0;
        if ( $index > 1 ) {
            // For MB and bigger two decimal places are smarter
            $round = 2;
        }
        $msg = str_replace( '$1', $sizes[$index], $messageKey );
 
        $size = round( $size, $round );
        $text = $this->getMessageFromDB( $msg );
        return str_replace( '$1', $this->formatNum( $size ), $text );
    }
 
    public function formatSize( $size ) {
        // messages used: size-bytes, size-kilobytes, size-megabytes, size-gigabytes, size-terabytes,
        // size-petabytes, size-exabytes, size-zettabytes, size-yottabytes, size-ronnabytes, size-quettabytes
        return $this->formatComputingNumbers( $size, 1024, "size-$1bytes" );
    }
 
    public function specialList( $page, $details, $oppositedm = true ) {
        if ( !$details ) {
            return $page;
        }
 
        $dirmark = ( $oppositedm ? $this->getDirMark( true ) : '' ) . $this->getDirMark();
        return $page .
            $dirmark .
            $this->msg( 'word-separator' )->escaped() .
            $this->msg( 'parentheses' )->rawParams( $details )->escaped();
    }
 
    public function getConvRuleTitle() {
        return $this->getConverter()->getConvRuleTitle();
    }
 
    public function getCompiledPluralRules() {
        $pluralRules =
            $this->localisationCache->getItem( strtolower( $this->mCode ), 'compiledPluralRules' );
        if ( !$pluralRules ) {
            $fallbacks = $this->getFallbackLanguages();
            foreach ( $fallbacks as $fallbackCode ) {
                $pluralRules = $this->localisationCache
                    ->getItem( strtolower( $fallbackCode ), 'compiledPluralRules' );
                if ( $pluralRules ) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return $pluralRules;
    }
 
    public function getPluralRules() {
        $pluralRules =
            $this->localisationCache->getItem( strtolower( $this->mCode ), 'pluralRules' );
        if ( !$pluralRules ) {
            $fallbacks = $this->getFallbackLanguages();
            foreach ( $fallbacks as $fallbackCode ) {
                $pluralRules = $this->localisationCache
                    ->getItem( strtolower( $fallbackCode ), 'pluralRules' );
                if ( $pluralRules ) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return $pluralRules;
    }
 
    public function getPluralRuleTypes() {
        $pluralRuleTypes =
            $this->localisationCache->getItem( strtolower( $this->mCode ), 'pluralRuleTypes' );
        if ( !$pluralRuleTypes ) {
            $fallbacks = $this->getFallbackLanguages();
            foreach ( $fallbacks as $fallbackCode ) {
                $pluralRuleTypes = $this->localisationCache
                    ->getItem( strtolower( $fallbackCode ), 'pluralRuleTypes' );
                if ( $pluralRuleTypes ) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return $pluralRuleTypes;
    }
 
    public function getPluralRuleIndexNumber( $number ) {
        $pluralRules = $this->getCompiledPluralRules();
        $form = Evaluator::evaluateCompiled( $number, $pluralRules );
        return $form;
    }
 
    public function getPluralRuleType( $number ) {
        $index = $this->getPluralRuleIndexNumber( $number );
        $pluralRuleTypes = $this->getPluralRuleTypes();
        return $pluralRuleTypes[$index] ?? 'other';
    }
 
    protected function getHookContainer() {
        return $this->hookContainer;
    }
 
    protected function getHookRunner() {
        return $this->hookRunner;
    }
}