Sanitizer.php

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<?php
namespace MediaWiki\Parser;
 
use InvalidArgumentException;
use LogicException;
use MediaWiki\HookContainer\HookRunner;
use MediaWiki\MediaWikiServices;
use MediaWiki\Tidy\RemexCompatFormatter;
use UnexpectedValueException;
use Wikimedia\RemexHtml\HTMLData;
use Wikimedia\RemexHtml\Serializer\Serializer as RemexSerializer;
use Wikimedia\RemexHtml\Tokenizer\Tokenizer as RemexTokenizer;
use Wikimedia\RemexHtml\TreeBuilder\Dispatcher as RemexDispatcher;
use Wikimedia\RemexHtml\TreeBuilder\TreeBuilder as RemexTreeBuilder;
use Wikimedia\StringUtils\StringUtils;
 
class Sanitizer {
    private const CHAR_REFS_REGEX =
        '/&([A-Za-z0-9\x80-\xff]+;)
        |&\#([0-9]+);
        |&\#[xX]([0-9A-Fa-f]+);
        |&/x';
 
    private const ELEMENT_BITS_REGEX = '!^(/?)([A-Za-z][^\t\n\v />\0]*+)([^>]*?)(/?>)([^<]*)$!';
 
    private const EVIL_URI_PATTERN = '!(^|\s|\*/\s*)(javascript|vbscript)([^\w]|$)!i';
    private const XMLNS_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN = "/^xmlns:[:A-Z_a-z-.0-9]+$/";
 
    public const ID_PRIMARY = 0;
 
    public const ID_FALLBACK = 1;
 
    private const MW_ENTITY_ALIASES = [
        'רלמ;' => 'rlm;',
        'رلم;' => 'rlm;',
    ];
 
    private static ?string $attribsRegex = null;
 
    private static function getAttribsRegex(): string {
        if ( self::$attribsRegex === null ) {
            $spaceChars = '\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20';
            $space = "[{$spaceChars}]";
            $attrib = "[^{$spaceChars}\/>=]";
            $attribFirst = "(?:{$attrib}|=)";
            self::$attribsRegex =
                "/({$attribFirst}{$attrib}*)
                    ($space*=$space*
                    (?:
                        # The attribute value: quoted or alone
                        \"([^\"]*)(?:\"|\$)
                        | '([^']*)(?:'|\$)
                        | (((?!$space|>).)*)
                    )
                )?/sxu";
        }
        return self::$attribsRegex;
    }
 
    private static ?string $attribNameRegex = null;
 
    private static function getAttribNameRegex(): string {
        if ( self::$attribNameRegex === null ) {
            $attribFirst = "[:_\p{L}\p{N}]";
            $attrib = "[:_\.\-\p{L}\p{N}]";
            self::$attribNameRegex = "/^({$attribFirst}{$attrib}*)$/sxu";
        }
        return self::$attribNameRegex;
    }
 
    public static function getRecognizedTagData( array $extratags = [], array $removetags = [] ): array {
        static $commonCase, $staticInitialised = false;
        $isCommonCase = ( $extratags === [] && $removetags === [] );
        if ( $staticInitialised && $isCommonCase && $commonCase ) {
            return $commonCase;
        }
 
        static $htmlpairsStatic, $htmlsingle, $htmlsingleonly, $htmlnest, $tabletags,
            $htmllist, $listtags, $htmlsingleallowed, $htmlelementsStatic;
 
        if ( !$staticInitialised ) {
            $htmlpairsStatic = [ # Tags that must be closed
                'b', 'bdi', 'del', 'i', 'ins', 'u', 'font', 'big', 'small', 'sub', 'sup', 'h1',
                'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6', 'cite', 'code', 'em', 's',
                'strike', 'strong', 'tt', 'var', 'div', 'center',
                'blockquote', 'ol', 'ul', 'dl', 'table', 'caption', 'pre',
                'ruby', 'rb', 'rp', 'rt', 'rtc', 'p', 'span', 'abbr', 'dfn',
                'kbd', 'samp', 'data', 'time', 'mark'
            ];
            # These tags can be self-closed. For tags not also on
            # $htmlsingleonly, a self-closed tag will be emitted as
            # an empty element (open-tag/close-tag pair).
            $htmlsingle = [
                'br', 'wbr', 'hr', 'li', 'dt', 'dd', 'meta', 'link'
            ];
 
            # Elements that cannot have close tags. This is (not coincidentally)
            # also the list of tags for which the HTML 5 parsing algorithm
            # requires you to "acknowledge the token's self-closing flag", i.e.
            # a self-closing tag like <br/> is not an HTML 5 parse error only
            # for this list.
            $htmlsingleonly = [
                'br', 'wbr', 'hr', 'meta', 'link'
            ];
 
            $htmlnest = [ # Tags that can be nested--??
                'table', 'tr', 'td', 'th', 'div', 'blockquote', 'ol', 'ul',
                'li', 'dl', 'dt', 'dd', 'font', 'big', 'small', 'sub', 'sup', 'span',
                'var', 'kbd', 'samp', 'em', 'strong', 'q', 'ruby', 'bdo'
            ];
            $tabletags = [ # Can only appear inside table, we will close them
                'td', 'th', 'tr',
            ];
            $htmllist = [ # Tags used by list
                'ul', 'ol',
            ];
            $listtags = [ # Tags that can appear in a list
                'li',
            ];
 
            $htmlsingleallowed = array_unique( array_merge( $htmlsingle, $tabletags ) );
            $htmlelementsStatic = array_unique( array_merge( $htmlsingle, $htmlpairsStatic, $htmlnest ) );
 
            # Convert them all to hashtables for faster lookup
            $vars = [ 'htmlpairsStatic', 'htmlsingle', 'htmlsingleonly', 'htmlnest', 'tabletags',
                'htmllist', 'listtags', 'htmlsingleallowed', 'htmlelementsStatic' ];
            foreach ( $vars as $var ) {
                $$var = array_fill_keys( $$var, true );
            }
            $staticInitialised = true;
        }
 
        # Populate $htmlpairs and $htmlelements with the $extratags and $removetags arrays
        $extratags = array_fill_keys( $extratags, true );
        $removetags = array_fill_keys( $removetags, true );
        $htmlpairs = array_merge( $extratags, $htmlpairsStatic );
        $htmlelements = array_diff_key( array_merge( $extratags, $htmlelementsStatic ), $removetags );
 
        $result = [
            'htmlpairs' => $htmlpairs,
            'htmlsingle' => $htmlsingle,
            'htmlsingleonly' => $htmlsingleonly,
            'htmlnest' => $htmlnest,
            'tabletags' => $tabletags,
            'htmllist' => $htmllist,
            'listtags' => $listtags,
            'htmlsingleallowed' => $htmlsingleallowed,
            'htmlelements' => $htmlelements,
        ];
        if ( $isCommonCase ) {
            $commonCase = $result;
        }
        return $result;
    }
 
    public static function internalRemoveHtmlTags( string $text, ?callable $processCallback = null,
        $args = [], array $extratags = [], array $removetags = []
    ): string {
        $tagData = self::getRecognizedTagData( $extratags, $removetags );
        $htmlsingle = $tagData['htmlsingle'];
        $htmlsingleonly = $tagData['htmlsingleonly'];
        $htmlelements = $tagData['htmlelements'];
 
        # Remove HTML comments
        $text = self::removeHTMLcomments( $text );
        $bits = explode( '<', $text );
        $text = str_replace( '>', '&gt;', array_shift( $bits ) );
 
        # this might be possible using remex tidy itself
        foreach ( $bits as $x ) {
            if ( preg_match( self::ELEMENT_BITS_REGEX, $x, $regs ) ) {
                [ /* $qbar */, $slash, $t, $params, $brace, $rest ] = $regs;
 
                $badtag = false;
                $t = strtolower( $t );
                if ( isset( $htmlelements[$t] ) ) {
                    if ( is_callable( $processCallback ) ) {
                        $processCallback( $params, $args );
                    }
 
                    if ( $brace == '/>' && !( isset( $htmlsingle[$t] ) || isset( $htmlsingleonly[$t] ) ) ) {
                        // Remove the self-closing slash, to be consistent
                        // with HTML5 semantics. T134423
                        $brace = '>';
                    }
                    if ( !self::validateTag( $params, $t ) ) {
                        $badtag = true;
                    }
 
                    $newparams = self::fixTagAttributes( $params, $t );
                    if ( !$badtag ) {
                        if ( $brace === '/>' && !isset( $htmlsingleonly[$t] ) ) {
                            # Interpret self-closing tags as empty tags even when
                            # HTML 5 would interpret them as start tags. Such input
                            # is commonly seen on Wikimedia wikis with this intention.
                            $brace = "></$t>";
                        }
 
                        $rest = str_replace( '>', '&gt;', $rest );
                        $text .= "<$slash$t$newparams$brace$rest";
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            $text .= '&lt;' . str_replace( '>', '&gt;', $x );
        }
        return $text;
    }
 
    public static function removeSomeTags(
        string $text, array $options = []
    ): string {
        $extraTags = $options['extraTags'] ?? [];
        $removeTags = $options['removeTags'] ?? [];
        // These options are @internal:
        $attrCallback = $options['attrCallback'] ?? null;
        $attrCallbackArgs = $options['attrCallbackArgs'] ?? [];
 
        // This disallows HTML5-style "missing trailing semicolon" attributes
        // In wikitext "clean&copy" does *not* contain an entity.
        $text = self::normalizeCharReferences( $text );
 
        $tagData = self::getRecognizedTagData( $extraTags, $removeTags );
        // Use RemexHtml to tokenize $text and remove the barred tags
        $formatter = new RemexCompatFormatter;
        $serializer = new RemexSerializer( $formatter );
        $treeBuilder = new RemexTreeBuilder( $serializer, [
            'ignoreErrors' => true,
            'ignoreNulls' => true,
        ] );
        $dispatcher = new RemexDispatcher( $treeBuilder );
        $tokenHandler = $dispatcher;
        $remover = new RemexRemoveTagHandler(
            $tokenHandler, $text, $tagData,
            $attrCallback, $attrCallbackArgs,
            [ 'commentRegex' => $options['commentRegex'] ?? null ]
        );
        $tokenizer = new RemexTokenizer( $remover, $text, [
            'ignoreErrors' => true,
            // don't ignore char refs, we want them to be decoded
            'ignoreNulls' => true,
            'skipPreprocess' => true,
        ] );
        $tokenizer->execute( [
            'fragmentNamespace' => HTMLData::NS_HTML,
            'fragmentName' => 'body',
        ] );
        return $serializer->getResult();
    }
 
    public static function removeHTMLcomments( string $text ): string {
        // phpcs:ignore Generic.CodeAnalysis.AssignmentInCondition.FoundInWhileCondition
        while ( ( $start = strpos( $text, '<!--' ) ) !== false ) {
            $end = strpos( $text, '-->', $start + 4 );
            if ( $end === false ) {
                # Unterminated comment; bail out
                break;
            }
 
            $end += 3;
 
            # Trim space and newline if the comment is both
            # preceded and followed by a newline
            $spaceStart = max( $start - 1, 0 );
            $spaceLen = $end - $spaceStart;
            while ( substr( $text, $spaceStart, 1 ) === ' ' && $spaceStart > 0 ) {
                $spaceStart--;
                $spaceLen++;
            }
            while ( substr( $text, $spaceStart + $spaceLen, 1 ) === ' ' ) {
                $spaceLen++;
            }
            if ( substr( $text, $spaceStart, 1 ) === "\n"
                && substr( $text, $spaceStart + $spaceLen, 1 ) === "\n" ) {
                # Remove the comment, leading and trailing
                # spaces, and leave only one newline.
                $text = substr_replace( $text, "\n", $spaceStart, $spaceLen + 1 );
            } else {
                # Remove just the comment.
                $text = substr_replace( $text, '', $start, $end - $start );
            }
        }
        return $text;
    }
 
    private static function validateTag( string $params, string $element ): bool {
        $params = self::decodeTagAttributes( $params );
 
        if ( $element == 'meta' || $element == 'link' ) {
            if ( !isset( $params['itemprop'] ) ) {
                // <meta> and <link> must have an itemprop="" otherwise they are not valid or safe in content
                return false;
            }
            if ( $element == 'meta' && !isset( $params['content'] ) ) {
                // <meta> must have a content="" for the itemprop
                return false;
            }
            if ( $element == 'link' && !isset( $params['href'] ) ) {
                // <link> must have an associated href=""
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    public static function validateTagAttributes( array $attribs, string $element ): array {
        return self::validateAttributes( $attribs,
            self::attributesAllowedInternal( $element ) );
    }
 
    public static function validateAttributes( array $attribs, array $allowed ): array {
        if ( isset( $allowed[0] ) ) {
            // Calling this function with a sequential array is
            // deprecated.  For now just convert it.
            wfDeprecated( __METHOD__ . ' with sequential array', '1.35' );
            $allowed = array_fill_keys( $allowed, true );
        }
        $validProtocols = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getUrlUtils()->validProtocols();
        $hrefExp = '/^(' . $validProtocols . ')[^\s]+$/';
 
        $out = [];
        foreach ( $attribs as $attribute => $value ) {
            # Allow XML namespace declaration to allow RDFa
            if ( preg_match( self::XMLNS_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN, $attribute ) ) {
                if ( !preg_match( self::EVIL_URI_PATTERN, $value ) ) {
                    $out[$attribute] = $value;
                }
 
                continue;
            }
 
            # Allow any attribute beginning with "data-"
            # However:
            # * Disallow data attributes used by MediaWiki code
            # * Ensure that the attribute is not namespaced by banning
            #   colons.
            # * Ensure attribute name will be accepted by the HTML
            #   parser; see
            #   https://github.com/whatwg/dom/issues/849#issuecomment-1007541209
            if ( (
                !preg_match( '|^data-[^:= \t\r\n/>\0]*$|i', $attribute ) &&
                !array_key_exists( $attribute, $allowed )
            ) || self::isReservedDataAttribute( $attribute ) ) {
                continue;
            }
 
            # Strip javascript "expression" from stylesheets.
            # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537634.aspx
            if ( $attribute == 'style' ) {
                $value = self::checkCss( $value );
            }
 
            # Escape HTML id attributes
            if ( $attribute === 'id' ) {
                $value = self::escapeIdForAttribute( $value, self::ID_PRIMARY );
                if ( $value === false || $value === '' ) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
 
            # Escape HTML id reference lists
            if ( $attribute === 'aria-describedby'
                || $attribute === 'aria-flowto'
                || $attribute === 'aria-labelledby'
                || $attribute === 'aria-owns'
            ) {
                $value = self::escapeIdReferenceListInternal( $value );
            }
 
            // RDFa and microdata properties allow URLs, URIs and/or CURIs.
            if ( $attribute === 'rel' || $attribute === 'rev'
                # RDFa
                || $attribute === 'about' || $attribute === 'property'
                || $attribute === 'resource' || $attribute === 'datatype'
                || $attribute === 'typeof'
                # HTML5 microdata
                || $attribute === 'itemid' || $attribute === 'itemprop'
                || $attribute === 'itemref' || $attribute === 'itemscope'
                || $attribute === 'itemtype'
            ) {
                // Paranoia. Allow "simple" values but suppress javascript
                if ( preg_match( self::EVIL_URI_PATTERN, $value ) ) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
 
            # NOTE: even though elements using href/src are not allowed directly, supply
            #       validation code that can be used by tag hook handlers, etc
            if ( $attribute === 'href' || $attribute === 'src' || $attribute === 'poster' ) {
                if ( !preg_match( $hrefExp, $value ) ) {
                    continue; // drop any href or src attributes not using an allowed protocol.
                    // NOTE: this also drops all relative URLs
                }
            }
 
            if ( $attribute === 'tabindex' && $value !== '0' ) {
                // Only allow tabindex of 0, which is useful for accessibility.
                continue;
            }
 
            // If this attribute was previously set, override it.
            // Output should only have one attribute of each name.
            $out[$attribute] = $value;
        }
 
        # itemtype, itemid, itemref don't make sense without itemscope
        if ( !array_key_exists( 'itemscope', $out ) ) {
            unset( $out['itemtype'] );
            unset( $out['itemid'] );
            unset( $out['itemref'] );
        }
        # TODO: Strip itemprop if we aren't descendants of an itemscope or pointed to by an itemref.
 
        return $out;
    }
 
    public static function isReservedDataAttribute( string $attr ): bool {
        // data-ooui is reserved for ooui.
        // data-mw and data-parsoid are reserved for parsoid.
        // data-mw-<name here> is reserved for extensions (or core) if
        // they need to communicate some data to the client and want to be
        // sure that it isn't coming from an untrusted user.
        // We ignore the possibility of namespaces since user-generated HTML
        // can't use them anymore.
        return (bool)preg_match( '/^data-(ooui|mw|parsoid)/i', $attr );
    }
 
    public static function mergeAttributes( array $a, array $b ): array {
        $out = array_merge( $a, $b );
        if ( isset( $a['class'] ) && isset( $b['class'] )
            && is_string( $a['class'] ) && is_string( $b['class'] )
            && $a['class'] !== $b['class']
        ) {
            $classes = preg_split( '/\s+/', "{$a['class']} {$b['class']}",
                -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );
            $out['class'] = implode( ' ', array_unique( $classes ) );
        }
        return $out;
    }
 
    public static function normalizeCss( string $value ): string {
        // Decode character references like &#123;
        $value = self::decodeCharReferences( $value );
 
        // Decode escape sequences and line continuation
        // See the grammar in the CSS 2 spec, appendix D.
        // This has to be done AFTER decoding character references.
        // This means it isn't possible for this function to return
        // unsanitized escape sequences. It is possible to manufacture
        // input that contains character references that decode to
        // escape sequences that decode to character references, but
        // it's OK for the return value to contain character references
        // because the caller is supposed to escape those anyway.
        static $decodeRegex;
        if ( !$decodeRegex ) {
            $space = '[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]';
            $nl = '(?:\\n|\\r\\n|\\r|\\f)';
            $backslash = '\\\\';
            $decodeRegex = "/ $backslash
                (?:
                    ($nl) |  # 1. Line continuation
                    ([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,6})$space? |  # 2. character number
                    (.) | # 3. backslash cancelling special meaning
                    () | # 4. backslash at end of string
                )/xu";
        }
        $value = preg_replace_callback( $decodeRegex,
            self::cssDecodeCallback( ... ), $value );
 
        // Let the value through if it's nothing but a single comment, to
        // allow other functions which may reject it to pass some error
        // message through.
        if ( !preg_match( '! ^ \s* /\* [^*\\/]* \*/ \s* $ !x', $value ) ) {
            // Remove any comments; IE gets token splitting wrong
            // This must be done AFTER decoding character references and
            // escape sequences, because those steps can introduce comments
            // This step cannot introduce character references or escape
            // sequences, because it replaces comments with spaces rather
            // than removing them completely.
            $value = StringUtils::delimiterReplace( '/*', '*/', ' ', $value );
 
            // Remove anything after a comment-start token, to guard against
            // incorrect client implementations.
            $commentPos = strpos( $value, '/*' );
            if ( $commentPos !== false ) {
                $value = substr( $value, 0, $commentPos );
            }
        }
 
        return $value;
    }
 
    public static function checkCss( $value ) {
        $value = self::normalizeCss( $value );
 
        // Reject problematic keywords and control characters
        if ( preg_match( '/[\000-\010\013\016-\037\177]/', $value ) ||
            str_contains( $value, \UtfNormal\Constants::UTF8_REPLACEMENT ) ) {
            return '/* invalid control char */';
        } elseif ( preg_match(
            '! expression
                | accelerator\s*:
                | -o-link\s*:
                | -o-link-source\s*:
                | -o-replace\s*:
                | url\s*\‍(
                | src\s*\‍(
                | image\s*\‍(
                | image-set\s*\‍(
                | attr\s*\‍([^)]+[\s,]+url
            !ix', $value ) ) {
            return '/* insecure input */';
        }
        return $value;
    }
 
    private static function cssDecodeCallback( array $matches ): string {
        if ( $matches[1] !== '' ) {
            // Line continuation
            return '';
        } elseif ( $matches[2] !== '' ) {
            # hexdec could return a float if the match is too long, but the
            # regexp in question limits the string length to 6.
            $char = \UtfNormal\Utils::codepointToUtf8( hexdec( $matches[2] ) );
        } elseif ( $matches[3] !== '' ) {
            $char = $matches[3];
        } else {
            $char = '\\';
        }
        if ( $char == "\n" || $char == '"' || $char == "'" || $char == '\\' ) {
            // These characters need to be escaped in strings
            // Clean up the escape sequence to avoid parsing errors by clients
            return '\\' . dechex( ord( $char ) ) . ' ';
        } else {
            // Decode unnecessary escape
            return $char;
        }
    }
 
    public static function fixTagAttributes( string $text, string $element, bool $sorted = false ): string {
        if ( trim( $text ) == '' ) {
            return '';
        }
 
        $decoded = self::decodeTagAttributes( $text );
        $stripped = self::validateTagAttributes( $decoded, $element );
 
        if ( $sorted ) {
            ksort( $stripped );
        }
 
        return self::safeEncodeTagAttributes( $stripped );
    }
 
    public static function encodeAttribute( string $text ): string {
        $encValue = htmlspecialchars( $text, ENT_QUOTES );
 
        // Whitespace is normalized during attribute decoding,
        // so if we've been passed non-spaces we must encode them
        // ahead of time or they won't be preserved.
        $encValue = strtr( $encValue, [
            "\n" => '&#10;',
            "\r" => '&#13;',
            "\t" => '&#9;',
        ] );
 
        return $encValue;
    }
 
    public static function armorFrenchSpaces( string $text, string $space = '&#160;' ): string {
        // Replace $ with \$ and \ with \\
        $space = preg_replace( '#(?<!\\\\‍)(\\$|\\\\‍)#', '\\\\$1', $space );
        $fixtags = [
            # French spaces, last one Guillemet-left
            # only if it isn't followed by a word character.
            '/ (?=[?:;!%»›](?!\w))/u' => "$space",
            # French spaces, Guillemet-right
            '/([«‹]) /u' => "\\1$space",
        ];
        return preg_replace( array_keys( $fixtags ), array_values( $fixtags ), $text );
    }
 
    public static function safeEncodeAttribute( string $text ): string {
        $encValue = self::encodeAttribute( $text );
 
        # Templates and links may be expanded in later parsing,
        # creating invalid or dangerous output. Suppress this.
        $encValue = strtr( $encValue, [
            // '<', '>', and '"' should never happen, as they indicate that we've received invalid input which should
            // have been escaped.
            '<'    => '&lt;',
            '>'    => '&gt;',
            '"'    => '&quot;',
            '{'    => '&#123;',
            '}'    => '&#125;', // prevent unpaired language conversion syntax
            '['    => '&#91;',
            ']'    => '&#93;',
            "''"   => '&#39;&#39;',
            'ISBN' => '&#73;SBN',
            'RFC'  => '&#82;FC',
            'PMID' => '&#80;MID',
            '|'    => '&#124;',
            '__'   => '&#95;_',
        ] );
 
        # Stupid hack
        $validProtocols = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getUrlUtils()->validProtocols();
        $encValue = preg_replace_callback(
            '/((?i)' . $validProtocols . ')/',
            static function ( $matches ) {
                return str_replace( ':', '&#58;', $matches[1] );
            },
            $encValue );
        return $encValue;
    }
 
    public static function escapeIdForAttribute( string $id, int $mode = self::ID_PRIMARY ) {
        global $wgFragmentMode;
 
        if ( !isset( $wgFragmentMode[$mode] ) ) {
            if ( $mode === self::ID_PRIMARY ) {
                throw new UnexpectedValueException( '$wgFragmentMode is configured with no primary mode' );
            }
            return false;
        }
 
        $internalMode = $wgFragmentMode[$mode];
 
        return self::escapeIdInternal( $id, $internalMode );
    }
 
    public static function escapeIdForLink( string $id ): string {
        global $wgFragmentMode;
 
        if ( !isset( $wgFragmentMode[self::ID_PRIMARY] ) ) {
            throw new UnexpectedValueException( '$wgFragmentMode is configured with no primary mode' );
        }
 
        $mode = $wgFragmentMode[self::ID_PRIMARY];
 
        $id = self::escapeIdInternalUrl( $id, $mode );
 
        return $id;
    }
 
    public static function escapeIdForExternalInterwiki( string $id ): string {
        global $wgExternalInterwikiFragmentMode;
 
        $id = self::escapeIdInternalUrl( $id, $wgExternalInterwikiFragmentMode );
 
        return $id;
    }
 
    private static function escapeIdInternalUrl( string $id, string $mode ): string {
        $id = self::escapeIdInternal( $id, $mode );
        if ( $mode === 'html5' ) {
            $id = preg_replace( '/%([a-fA-F0-9]{2})/', '%25$1', $id );
        }
        return $id;
    }
 
    private static function escapeIdInternal( string $id, string $mode ): string {
        // Truncate overly-long IDs.  This isn't an HTML limit, it's just
        // griefer protection. [T251506]
        $id = mb_substr( $id, 0, 1024 );
 
        switch ( $mode ) {
            case 'html5':
                // html5 spec says ids must not have any of the following:
                // U+0009 TAB, U+000A LF, U+000C FF, U+000D CR, or U+0020 SPACE
                // In practice, in wikitext, only tab, LF, CR (and SPACE) are
                // possible using either Lua or html entities.
                $id = str_replace( [ "\t", "\n", "\f", "\r", " " ], '_', $id );
                break;
            case 'legacy':
                // This corresponds to 'noninitial' mode of the former escapeId()
                static $replace = [
                    '%3A' => ':',
                    '%' => '.'
                ];
 
                $id = urlencode( str_replace( ' ', '_', $id ) );
                $id = strtr( $id, $replace );
                break;
            default:
                throw new InvalidArgumentException( "Invalid mode '$mode' passed to '" . __METHOD__ );
        }
 
        return $id;
    }
 
    private static function escapeIdReferenceListInternal( string $referenceString ): string {
        # Explode the space delimited list string into an array of tokens
        $references = preg_split( '/\s+/', "{$referenceString}", -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );
 
        # Escape each token as an id
        foreach ( $references as &$ref ) {
            $ref = self::escapeIdForAttribute( $ref );
        }
 
        # Merge the array back to a space delimited list string
        # If the array is empty, the result will be an empty string ('')
        $referenceString = implode( ' ', $references );
 
        return $referenceString;
    }
 
    public static function escapeClass( string $class ): string {
        // Convert ugly stuff to underscores and kill underscores in ugly places
        return rtrim( preg_replace(
            [ '/(^[0-9\\-])|[\\x00-\\x20!"#$%&\'()*+,.\\/:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~]|\\xC2\\xA0/', '/_+/' ],
            '_',
            $class ), '_' );
    }
 
    public static function escapeCombiningChar( string $html ): string {
        return strtr( $html, [
            "\u{0338}" => '&#x338;', # T387130
        ] );
    }
 
    public static function escapeHtmlAllowEntities( string $html ): string {
        $html = self::decodeCharReferences( $html );
        # It seems wise to escape ' as well as ", as a matter of course.  Can't
        # hurt. Use ENT_SUBSTITUTE so that incorrectly truncated multibyte characters
        # don't cause the entire string to disappear.
        $html = htmlspecialchars( $html, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE );
        return self::escapeCombiningChar( $html );
    }
 
    public static function decodeTagAttributes( string $text ): array {
        if ( trim( $text ) == '' ) {
            return [];
        }
 
        $pairs = [];
        if ( !preg_match_all(
            self::getAttribsRegex(),
            $text,
            $pairs,
            PREG_SET_ORDER ) ) {
            return [];
        }
 
        $attribs = [];
        foreach ( $pairs as $set ) {
            $attribute = strtolower( $set[1] );
 
            // Filter attribute names with unacceptable characters
            if ( !preg_match( self::getAttribNameRegex(), $attribute ) ) {
                continue;
            }
 
            $value = self::getTagAttributeCallback( $set );
 
            // Normalize whitespace
            $value = preg_replace( '/[\t\r\n ]+/', ' ', $value );
            $value = trim( $value );
 
            // Decode character references
            $attribs[$attribute] = self::decodeCharReferences( $value );
        }
        return $attribs;
    }
 
    public static function safeEncodeTagAttributes( array $assoc_array ): string {
        $attribs = [];
        foreach ( $assoc_array as $attribute => $value ) {
            $encAttribute = htmlspecialchars( $attribute, ENT_COMPAT );
            $encValue = self::safeEncodeAttribute( $value );
 
            $attribs[] = "$encAttribute=\"$encValue\"";
        }
        return count( $attribs ) ? ' ' . implode( ' ', $attribs ) : '';
    }
 
    private static function getTagAttributeCallback( array $set ): string {
        if ( isset( $set[5] ) ) {
            # No quotes.
            return $set[5];
        } elseif ( isset( $set[4] ) ) {
            # Single-quoted
            return $set[4];
        } elseif ( isset( $set[3] ) ) {
            # Double-quoted
            return $set[3];
        } elseif ( !isset( $set[2] ) ) {
            # In XHTML, attributes must have a value so return an empty string.
            # See "Empty attribute syntax",
            # https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html#syntax-attribute-name
            return "";
        } else {
            throw new LogicException( "Tag conditions not met. This should never happen and is a bug." );
        }
    }
 
    private static function normalizeWhitespace( string $text ): string {
        $normalized = preg_replace( '/[ \r\n\t]+/', ' ', $text );
        if ( $normalized === null ) {
            wfLogWarning( __METHOD__ . ': Failed to normalize whitespace: ' . preg_last_error() );
            return '';
        }
        return trim( $normalized );
    }
 
    public static function normalizeSectionNameWhitespace( string $section ): string {
        $normalized = preg_replace( '/[ _]+/', ' ', $section );
        if ( $normalized === null ) {
            wfLogWarning( __METHOD__ . ': Failed to normalize whitespace: ' . preg_last_error() );
            return '';
        }
        return trim( $normalized );
    }
 
    public static function normalizeCharReferences( string $text ): string {
        return preg_replace_callback(
            self::CHAR_REFS_REGEX,
            self::normalizeCharReferencesCallback( ... ),
            $text, -1, $count, PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL
        );
    }
 
    private static function normalizeCharReferencesCallback( array $matches ): string {
        $ret = null;
        if ( isset( $matches[1] ) ) {
            $ret = self::normalizeEntity( $matches[1] );
        } elseif ( isset( $matches[2] ) ) {
            $ret = self::decCharReference( $matches[2] );
        } elseif ( isset( $matches[3] ) ) {
            $ret = self::hexCharReference( $matches[3] );
        }
        if ( $ret === null ) {
            return htmlspecialchars( $matches[0], ENT_COMPAT );
        } else {
            return $ret;
        }
    }
 
    private static function normalizeEntity( string $name ): string {
        if ( isset( self::MW_ENTITY_ALIASES[$name] ) ) {
            // Non-standard MediaWiki-specific entities
            return '&' . self::MW_ENTITY_ALIASES[$name];
        } elseif ( in_array( $name, [ 'lt;', 'gt;', 'amp;', 'quot;' ], true ) ) {
            // Keep these in word form
            return "&$name";
        } elseif ( isset( HTMLData::NAMED_ENTITY_TRANSLATION[$name] ) ) {
            // Beware: some entities expand to more than 1 codepoint
            return preg_replace_callback( '/./Ssu', static function ( $m ) {
                return '&#' . \UtfNormal\Utils::utf8ToCodepoint( $m[0] ) . ';';
            }, HTMLData::NAMED_ENTITY_TRANSLATION[$name] );
        } else {
            return "&amp;$name";
        }
    }
 
    private static function decCharReference( string $codepoint ): ?string {
        # intval() will (safely) saturate at the maximum signed integer
        # value if $codepoint is too many digits
        $point = intval( $codepoint );
        if ( self::validateCodepoint( $point ) ) {
            return "&#$point;";
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
 
    private static function hexCharReference( string $codepoint ): ?string {
        $point = hexdec( $codepoint );
        // hexdec() might return a float if the string is too long
        if ( is_int( $point ) && self::validateCodepoint( $point ) ) {
            return sprintf( '&#x%x;', $point );
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
 
    private static function validateCodepoint( int $codepoint ): bool {
        # U+000C is valid in HTML5 but not allowed in XML.
        # U+000D is valid in XML but not allowed in HTML5.
        # U+007F - U+009F are disallowed in HTML5 (control characters).
        return $codepoint == 0x09
            || $codepoint == 0x0a
            || ( $codepoint >= 0x20 && $codepoint <= 0x7e )
            || ( $codepoint >= 0xa0 && $codepoint <= 0xd7ff )
            || ( $codepoint >= 0xe000 && $codepoint <= 0xfffd )
            || ( $codepoint >= 0x10000 && $codepoint <= 0x10ffff );
    }
 
    public static function decodeCharReferences( string $text ): string {
        return preg_replace_callback(
            self::CHAR_REFS_REGEX,
            self::decodeCharReferencesCallback( ... ),
            $text, -1, $count, PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL
        );
    }
 
    public static function decodeCharReferencesAndNormalize( string $text ): string {
        $text = preg_replace_callback(
            self::CHAR_REFS_REGEX,
            self::decodeCharReferencesCallback( ... ),
            $text, -1, $count, PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL
        );
 
        if ( $count ) {
            return MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getContentLanguage()->normalize( $text );
        } else {
            return $text;
        }
    }
 
    private static function decodeCharReferencesCallback( array $matches ): string {
        if ( isset( $matches[1] ) ) {
            return self::decodeEntity( $matches[1] );
        } elseif ( isset( $matches[2] ) ) {
            return self::decodeChar( intval( $matches[2] ) );
        } elseif ( isset( $matches[3] ) ) {
            $point = hexdec( $matches[3] );
            // hexdec() might return a float if the string is too long
            if ( !is_int( $point ) ) {
                // Invalid character reference.
                return \UtfNormal\Constants::UTF8_REPLACEMENT;
            }
            return self::decodeChar( $point );
        }
        # Last case should be an ampersand by itself
        return $matches[0];
    }
 
    private static function decodeChar( int $codepoint ): string {
        if ( self::validateCodepoint( $codepoint ) ) {
            return \UtfNormal\Utils::codepointToUtf8( $codepoint );
        } else {
            return \UtfNormal\Constants::UTF8_REPLACEMENT;
        }
    }
 
    private static function decodeEntity( string $name ): string {
        // These are MediaWiki-specific entities, not in the HTML standard
        if ( isset( self::MW_ENTITY_ALIASES[$name] ) ) {
            $name = self::MW_ENTITY_ALIASES[$name];
        }
        $trans = HTMLData::NAMED_ENTITY_TRANSLATION[$name] ?? null;
        return $trans ?? "&$name";
    }
 
    private static function attributesAllowedInternal( string $element ): array {
        $list = self::setupAttributesAllowedInternal();
        return $list[$element] ?? [];
    }
 
    private static function setupAttributesAllowedInternal(): array {
        static $allowed;
 
        if ( $allowed !== null ) {
            return $allowed;
        }
 
        // For lookup efficiency flip each attributes array so the keys are
        // the valid attributes.
        $merge = static function ( $a, $b, $c = [] ) {
            return array_merge(
                $a,
                array_fill_keys( $b, true ),
                array_fill_keys( $c, true ) );
        };
        $common = $merge( [], [
            # HTML
            'id',
            'class',
            'style',
            'lang',
            'dir',
            'title',
            'tabindex',
 
            # WAI-ARIA
            'aria-describedby',
            'aria-flowto',
            'aria-hidden',
            'aria-label',
            'aria-labelledby',
            'aria-level',
            'aria-owns',
            'role',
 
            # RDFa
            # These attributes are specified in section 9 of
            # https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014
            'about',
            'property',
            'resource',
            'datatype',
            'typeof',
 
            # Microdata. These are specified by
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/microdata.html#the-microdata-model
            'itemid',
            'itemprop',
            'itemref',
            'itemscope',
            'itemtype',
        ] );
 
        $block = $merge( $common, [ 'align' ] );
 
        $tablealign = [ 'align', 'valign' ];
        $tablecell = [
            'abbr',
            'axis',
            'headers',
            'scope',
            'rowspan',
            'colspan',
            'nowrap', # deprecated
            'width', # deprecated
            'height', # deprecated
            'bgcolor', # deprecated
        ];
 
        # HTML 5 section numbers refer to sections in HTML 5 standard describing the element.
        # Current revision: 2024-03-13 commit a187fec
        # See: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/
        # See: https://github.com/whatwg/html/commits
        #
        # HTML 4.01 section numbers refer to sections in HTML 4.01 standard describing the element.
        # See: https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/
        $allowed = [
            # HTML 5 section 4.2 Document metadata
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#document-metadata
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.2.5, 4.2.4
            # meta and link are only permitted by internalRemoveHtmlTags when Microdata
            # is enabled so we don't bother adding a conditional to hide these.
            # Also meta and link are only valid in wikitext as Microdata elements
            # (ie: validateTag rejects tags missing the attributes needed for Microdata)
            # So we don't bother including $common attributes that have no purpose.
            'meta' => $merge( [], [ 'itemprop', 'content' ] ),
            'link' => $merge( [], [ 'itemprop', 'href', 'title' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.3 Sections
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.3.5
            # 'article' => $common,
            # 'section' => $common,
            # 'nav' => $common,
            'aside' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.3.6
            # HTML 4.01 section 7.5.5
            'h1' => $block,
            'h2' => $block,
            'h3' => $block,
            'h4' => $block,
            'h5' => $block,
            'h6' => $block,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.3.7
            # 'hgroup' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.3.8, 4.3.9
            # 'header' => $common,
            # 'footer' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.3.10
            # HTML 4.01 section 7.5.6
            # 'address' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4 Grouping content
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.1
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.3.1
            'p' => $block,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.2
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.3
            'hr' => $merge( $common, [ 'width' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.3
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.3.4
            'pre' => $merge( $common, [ 'width' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.4
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.2
            'blockquote' => $merge( $common, [ 'cite' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.5, 4.4.6
            # HTML 4.01 section 10.2
            'ol' => $merge( $common, [ 'type', 'start', 'reversed' ] ),
            'ul' => $merge( $common, [ 'type' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.7
            # 'menu' => $merge( $common, [ 'type' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.8
            # HTML 4.01 section 10.2
            'li' => $merge( $common, [ 'type', 'value' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.9, 4.4.10, 4.4.11
            # HTML 4.01 section 10.3
            'dl' => $common,
            'dt' => $common,
            'dd' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.12, 4.4.13 (was section 4.5)
            'figure' => $common,
            'figcaption' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.14
            # 'main' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.15
            # 'search'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.4.16
            # HTML 4.01 section 7.5.4
            'div' => $block,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5 Text-level semantics
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.1
            # HTML 4.01 section 12.2
            # NOTE: <a> is not allowed directly, but this list of allowed
            # attributes is used from the Parser object
            # See: HTML 5 section 4.6 Links
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html
            'a' => $merge( $common, [ 'href', 'rel', 'rev' ] ), # rel/rev esp. for RDFa
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.2, 4.5.3
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.1
            'em' => $common,
            'strong' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.4
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.1
            'small' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.5
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.1
            's' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.6
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.1
            'cite' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.7
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.2
            'q' => $merge( $common, [ 'cite' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.8, 4.5.9
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.1
            'dfn' => $common,
            'abbr' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.10, 4.5.11, 4.5.12
            # HTML Ruby annotation text module, simple ruby only.
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element
            'ruby' => $common,
            'rt' => $common, # $merge( $common, [ 'rbspan' ] ),
            'rp' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.13, 4.5.14
            'data' => $merge( $common, [ 'value' ] ),
            'time' => $merge( $common, [ 'datetime' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.15, 4.5.16, 4.5.17, 4.5.18
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.1
            'code' => $common,
            'var' => $common,
            'samp' => $common,
            'kbd' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.19
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.3
            'sub' => $common,
            'sup' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.20, 4.5.21, 4.5.22, 4.5.23
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.1
            'i' => $common,
            'b' => $common,
            'u' => $common,
            'mark' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.24 (was section 4.6)
            'bdi' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.25
            # HTML 4.01 section 8.2.4
            'bdo' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.26
            # HTML 4.01 section 7.5.4
            'span' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.27
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.3.2
            'br' => $merge( $common, [ 'clear' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.5.28
            'wbr' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.7 Edits
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/edits.html
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.7.1, 4.7.2
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.4
            'ins' => $merge( $common, [ 'cite', 'datetime' ] ),
            'del' => $merge( $common, [ 'cite', 'datetime' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.8 Embedded content
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.8.1
            # 'picture'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.8.2, 4.8.3, 4.8.8, 4.8.9, 4.8.10
            # HTML 4.01 section 13.2
            # Not usually allowed, but may be used for extension-style hooks
            # such as <math> when it is rasterized
            'source' => $merge( $common, [ 'type', 'src' ] ),
            'img' => $merge( $common, [ 'alt', 'src', 'width', 'height', 'srcset' ] ),
            # Attributes for A/V tags added in T163583 / T133673
            'video' => $merge( $common, [ 'poster', 'controls', 'preload', 'width', 'height' ] ),
            'audio' => $merge( $common, [ 'controls', 'preload', 'width', 'height' ] ),
            'track' => $merge( $common, [ 'type', 'src', 'srclang', 'kind', 'label' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.8.12, 4.8.13
            # 'map'
            # 'area'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.8.15
            # MathML root element, where used for extensions
            # 'title' may not be 100% valid here; it's XHTML
            # https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML/
            'math' => $merge( [], [ 'class', 'style', 'id', 'title' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.8.16
            # 'svg'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.9 Tabular data
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/tables.html
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.9.1
            # HTML 4.01 section 11.2.1
            'table' => $merge(
                $common,
                [
                    'summary', 'width', 'border', 'frame',
                    'rules', 'cellspacing', 'cellpadding',
                    'align', 'bgcolor',
                ]
            ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.9.2
            # HTML 4.01 section 11.2.2
            'caption' => $block,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.9.3, 4.9.4
            # HTML 4.01 section 11.2.4
            'colgroup' => $merge( $common, [ 'span' ] ),
            'col' => $merge( $common, [ 'span' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.9.5, 4.9.6, 4.9.7
            # HTML 4.01 section 11.2.3
            'tbody' => $common,
            'thead' => $common,
            'tfoot' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.9.8
            # HTML 4.01 section 11.2.5
            'tr' => $merge( $common, [ 'bgcolor' ], $tablealign ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.9.9, 4.9.10
            # HTML 4.01 section 11.2.6
            'td' => $merge( $common, $tablecell, $tablealign ),
            'th' => $merge( $common, $tablecell, $tablealign ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.10 Forms
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.10.3, 4.10.4
            # 'form'
            # 'label'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.10.5
            # 'input'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.10.6, 4.10.7, 4.10.8, 4.10.9, 4.10.10, 4.10.11, 4.10.12
            # 'button'
            # 'select'
            # 'datalist'
            # 'optgroup'
            # 'option'
            # 'textarea'
            # 'output'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.10.13, 4.10.14
            # 'progress' => $merge( $common, [ 'value', 'max' ] ),
            # 'meter' => $merge( $common, [ 'value', 'min', 'max', 'low', 'high', 'optimum' ] ),
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.10.15, 4.10.14
            # 'fieldset'
            # 'legend'
 
            # HTML 5 section 4.11 Interactive elements
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interactive-elements.html
            # 4.11.1, 4.11.2
            # 'details' => $merge( $common, [ 'name', 'open' ] ),
            # 'summary' => $common,
 
            # HTML 5 section 16 Obsolete features
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/obsolete.html#rb
 
            # HTML 5 section 16.2 Non-conforming features
            # Elements that are entirely obsolete, and must not be used by authors
 
            # HTML 4.01 section 9.2.1
            # Use 'abbr' instead.
            # 'acronym'
 
            # HTML Ruby annotation text module, simple ruby only.
            # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element
            # Providing the ruby base directly inside the ruby element or using nested ruby elements
            # is sufficient.
            # 'rbc'
            'rb' => $common,
            'rtc' => $common,
 
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.1
            # Use del instead if the element is marking an edit, otherwise use s instead.
            'strike' => $common,
 
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.2
            # basefont
 
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.1
            'big' => $common,
 
            # HTML 4.01 section 7.5.4
            'center' => $common, # deprecated
 
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.2
            'font' => $merge( $common, [ 'size', 'color', 'face' ] ),
 
            # HTML 4.01 section 15.2.1
            'tt' => $common,
        ];
 
        return $allowed;
    }
 
    public static function stripAllTags( string $html ): string {
        // Use RemexHtml to tokenize $html and extract the text
        $handler = new RemexStripTagHandler;
        $tokenizer = new RemexTokenizer( $handler, $html, [
            'ignoreErrors' => true,
            // don't ignore char refs, we want them to be decoded
            'ignoreNulls' => true,
            'skipPreprocess' => true,
            // We ignore all attributes, don't bother to parse them
            'lazyAttributes' => true,
        ] );
        $tokenizer->execute();
        return self::normalizeWhitespace( $handler->getResult() );
    }
 
    public static function hackDocType(): string {
        $out = "<!DOCTYPE html [\n";
        foreach ( HTMLData::NAMED_ENTITY_TRANSLATION as $entity => $translation ) {
            if ( substr( $entity, -1 ) !== ';' ) {
                // Some HTML entities omit the trailing semicolon;
                // wikitext does not permit these.
                continue;
            }
            $name = substr( $entity, 0, -1 );
            $expansion = self::normalizeEntity( $entity );
            if ( $entity === $expansion ) {
                // Skip &lt; &gt; etc
                continue;
            }
            $out .= "<!ENTITY $name \"$expansion\">";
        }
        $out .= "]>\n";
        return $out;
    }
 
    public static function cleanUrl( string $url ): string {
        # Normalize any HTML entities in input. They will be
        # re-escaped by makeExternalLink().
        $url = self::decodeCharReferences( $url );
 
        # Escape any control characters introduced by the above step
        $url = preg_replace_callback( '/[\][<>"\\x00-\\x20\\x7F\|]+/',
            static fn ( $m ) => urlencode( $m[0] ), $url );
 
        # Validate hostname portion
        $matches = [];
        if ( preg_match( '!^([^:]+:)(//[^/]+)?(.*)$!iD', $url, $matches ) ) {
            [ /* $whole */, $protocol, $host, $rest ] = $matches;
 
            // Characters that will be ignored in IDNs.
            // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8264#section-9.13
            // https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt
            // Strip them before further processing so deny lists and such work.
            $strip = "/
                \\s|      # general whitespace
                \u{00AD}|               # SOFT HYPHEN
                \u{034F}|               # COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER
                \u{061C}|               # ARABIC LETTER MARK
                [\u{115F}-\u{1160}]|    # HANGUL CHOSEONG FILLER..
                            # HANGUL JUNGSEONG FILLER
                [\u{17B4}-\u{17B5}]|    # KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AQ..
                            # KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AA
                [\u{180B}-\u{180D}]|    # MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE..
                            # MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE
                \u{180E}|               # MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
                [\u{200B}-\u{200F}]|    # ZERO WIDTH SPACE..
                            # RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK
                [\u{202A}-\u{202E}]|    # LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING..
                            # RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
                [\u{2060}-\u{2064}]|    # WORD JOINER..
                            # INVISIBLE PLUS
                \u{2065}|               # <reserved-2065>
                [\u{2066}-\u{206F}]|    # LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE..
                            # NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES
                \u{3164}|               # HANGUL FILLER
                [\u{FE00}-\u{FE0F}]|    # VARIATION SELECTOR-1..
                            # VARIATION SELECTOR-16
                \u{FEFF}|               # ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE
                \u{FFA0}|               # HALFWIDTH HANGUL FILLER
                [\u{FFF0}-\u{FFF8}]|    # <reserved-FFF0>..
                            # <reserved-FFF8>
                [\u{1BCA0}-\u{1BCA3}]|  # SHORTHAND FORMAT LETTER OVERLAP..
                            # SHORTHAND FORMAT UP STEP
                [\u{1D173}-\u{1D17A}]|  # MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN BEAM..
                            # MUSICAL SYMBOL END PHRASE
                \u{E0000}|              # <reserved-E0000>
                \u{E0001}|              # LANGUAGE TAG
                [\u{E0002}-\u{E001F}]|  # <reserved-E0002>..
                            # <reserved-E001F>
                [\u{E0020}-\u{E007F}]|  # TAG SPACE..
                            # CANCEL TAG
                [\u{E0080}-\u{E00FF}]|  # <reserved-E0080>..
                            # <reserved-E00FF>
                [\u{E0100}-\u{E01EF}]|  # VARIATION SELECTOR-17..
                            # VARIATION SELECTOR-256
                [\u{E01F0}-\u{E0FFF}]|  # <reserved-E01F0>..
                            # <reserved-E0FFF>
                /xuD";
 
            $host = preg_replace( $strip, '', $host );
 
            // IPv6 host names are bracketed with [].  Url-decode these.
            if ( str_starts_with( $host, "//%5B" ) &&
                preg_match( '!^//%5B([0-9A-Fa-f:.]+)%5D((:\d+)?)$!', $host, $matches )
            ) {
                $host = '//[' . $matches[1] . ']' . $matches[2];
            }
 
            // @todo FIXME: Validate hostnames here
 
            return $protocol . $host . $rest;
        } else {
            return $url;
        }
    }
 
    public static function validateEmail( string $addr ): bool {
        $result = null;
        // TODO This method should be non-static, and have a HookRunner injected
        $hookRunner = new HookRunner( MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getHookContainer() );
        if ( !$hookRunner->onIsValidEmailAddr( $addr, $result ) ) {
            return $result;
        }
 
        // Please note strings below are enclosed in brackets [], this make the
        // hyphen "-" a range indicator. Hence it is double backslashed below.
        // See T28948
        $rfc5322_atext = "a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\\-\/=?^_`{|}~";
        $rfc1034_ldh_str = "a-z0-9\\-";
 
        $html5_email_regexp = "/
        ^                      # start of string
        [$rfc5322_atext\\.]+    # user part which is liberal :p
        @                      # 'apostrophe'
        [$rfc1034_ldh_str]+       # First domain part
        (\\.[$rfc1034_ldh_str]+)*  # Following part prefixed with a dot
        $                      # End of string
        /ix"; // case Insensitive, eXtended
 
        return (bool)preg_match( $html5_email_regexp, $addr );
    }
}
 
class_alias( Sanitizer::class, 'Sanitizer' );