Field
A form field with a label, an input or control, and an optional validation message.
Guidelines
When to use fields
Field provides features for building an accessible, understandable form field to collect user input.
Use the Field component to create form layouts and to create a variety of form inputs, such as text inputs, selects, radio buttons, checkboxes or toggle switches.
If you do not need to collect user input, do not use Field. For example, Field is not necessary to display a search input. Although search is built with a text input component, it triggers an action and is not a form item.
Specifications
It is composed of the following elements:
- Label
A label serves as a precise and informative title for the form field, indicating the type of information to be entered. Explore Label to check its different properties. - Label’s description (optional)
An optional description can also be incorporated below the label to provide additional information about it. This description can include plain text, with or without links. - Field
The input element, or a group of inputs, where the user enters information. Field can use any form item such as text input, select, checkbox, etc. - Helper text (optional)
Text that provides supplementary information or instructions to guide users in completing the field correctly. The helper text can include plain text with or without links, and it can also include a number to optionally display the character counter if needed. - Validation message
An inline validation message will appear to provide feedback about the status of the field. For example, to provide an error message to the user when the field contains one or more errors.
Component limitations
Both label and description will wrap onto multiple lines as needed. There are no strict length limits for labels and descriptions, but it's recommended to keep them concise for improved form readability and scanning.
When a fieldset is arranged horizontally, labels stay aligned, with field elements stacked below respecting Field component paddings.
If a Field includes both helper text and a character counter, they will be aligned at the top with a spacing-100
token (equivalent to 16px
in the default Codex theme).
Refer to the Field component in Codex Figma.
Types
The Field component's control can be any form item component designed to gather user input, including:
- Text input and text area
- Select
- Combobox
- Checkbox, radio groups, and toggle switch
- Chip input
- Lookup
However, components not intended for collecting user input, such as SearchInput, should not be used within Field.
Interaction states
Form fields have the following visually separate states:
- Default
- Interactive state within the field
- Disabled
- Error
- Warning
- Success
The interactive states will exclusively impact the field item within Field. So hover, focus, filled, and read-only states apply solely to the field item (e.g. the text input).
Best practices
Consider the following recommendations when using fields. For more detailed information about form fields, consult the guidelines for constructing forms.
Icon
- Use a start icon next to the label to emphasize the required input in the form field.
- Use another icon in the label's section if the field already contains an icon.
Label, description, and helper text
- Keep the Field’s label short, clear, and easy to scan.
- Use the label’s description for additional information related with the label if needed.
- Use the helper text to provide supplementary guidance on completing the field correctly, including expected input and error prevention.
- Make the Field’s label text excessively large, which could make it difficult to scan.
- Include field completion guidelines in the label’s description.
- Place information related to the label below the field. Use the helper text for this purpose instead.
Optional form fields
- Only indicate the optional Fields in the form.
- Ensure that the entire word "optional" is displayed for translation purposes.
- Mark required labels with an asterisk.
- Use abbreviations in the optional indicator.
Label style
- Include multiple Fields within a fieldset for organization.
- Customize the label of Fields to regular weight when grouped within a fieldset.
- Avoid using bold labels in Fields within a fieldset to maintain hierarchy and clarity.
Characters counter
- Use a character counter only when it's necessary to limit the number of characters in a form input.
- Display an inline error message if the character limit is exceeded.
- Use a character counters when the character limit does not need to be communicated to the user.
Content
Form elements should guide the user to fill out the form easily. They will prevent the user from making mistakes.
Label and placeholder
Labels indicate what the input should be. Placeholders act as sample text for the kind of content the user needs to input. Different browsers handle placeholder text differently, and some have trouble displaying translations of placeholders. Use placeholders as helpful additions, but do not rely on them too heavily.
- Make the label short, clear, and easy to scan. Consistent & Clear
- Provide more context in the placeholder for what's indicated in the label. Clear
- Use examples in the placeholder when expected input formats need to be clarified. Clear
- Leave out the label in favor of just a placeholder. Needed & Translatable
- Repeat in the placeholder what’s in the label. Concise
Helper text
Helper text gives a user guidance on how to fill in the form field. These messages often clarify formatting or indicate character restrictions. Giving users appropriate context helps them to quickly and efficiently enter the input without errors.
- Give clear information about input restrictions. Clear & Accessible
- List too many restrictions or use overly technical and robotic language. Relevant
Inline error
These are short, simple contextual messages that allow the user to quickly understand how to fix the error they just made.
- Let a reader know exactly what to do to fix the issue. Relevant & Trustworthy
- State the error without offering a way to correct it. Relevant & Trustworthy
Keyboard navigation
Key | Function |
---|---|
Tab | It moves the focus to the next interactive element in tab order. |
Shift + Tab | It moves the focus to the previous interactive element. |
Enter | If the focus is placed on one of the interactive elements within the Field, it activates them. |
Demos
Configurable
Note that this configurable demo is only shown with a TextInput inside the Field. See the demos below for use of the Field component with other types of inputs or groups of inputs, along with code samples.
See the validation messages demos below for more information about how to add and customize an error message.
Name | Value |
---|---|
Props | |
labelIcon | |
optional | |
hideLabel | |
isFieldset | |
disabled | |
status | |
Slots | |
label | |
description | |
help-text | |
View | |
Reading direction | |
Note: For icon properties, the relevant icon also needs to be imported from the @wikimedia/codex-icons package. See the usage documentation for more information. |
With rich description and help text
You can include markup in the description
and help-text
slots. Only links and text formatting are recommended as description and help text should be concise.
With validation messages
You can display a validation message based on the current status of the field. Set the status
prop based on the field's validity, then pass in an object of messages
keyed on validation status type. If there is a message for the current status, it will be displayed.
The status
you bind to the Field component will also be passed down to its child components, which will display appropriate styles for that status if they exist (e.g. a red border in the error state). You do not need to bind the status
prop to the child input components. Note that form input components currently only have special styles for the error
status.
Setting the status based on field validity is up to you. In the error example below, it's done as you're changing the input. You could also validate on blur to give the user a chance to finish filling out the field, as demonstrated in the warning example and the success example.
Error
The error
status can be used both to show an error message and to display the error state of the form input. Try entering a username into the field below that's longer than a single character to see the error state and error message.
Warning
The following example shows a warning message on blur if the username doesn't meet the criteria written in the help text. In this case, the username will be corrected to meet the criteria, and the message informs the user of this change. Note that form inputs do not display a "warning" state.
Success
The following example shows a success message on blur when the username is unique. Note that form inputs do not display a "success" state.
Fieldset with radio group
For any field that contains multiple inputs or controls, set the isFieldset
prop to true
. This will output a <fieldset>
element with a <legend>
instead of a label.
Groups of Radio or Checkbox components are considered fieldsets.
Complex field with two inputs
The field below has two inputs, a TextInput and a Select. In addition to the field-level label, each input needs its own individual label. In this case, the individual labels can be visually hidden. In the example below, the labels are included in two different ways:
- For the TextInput, the Label component is used with
hideLabel
set totrue
- For the Select, an
aria-label
is applied
To give the user a chance to type a valid coordinate location, this example doesn't validate as the user types, but delays validation until the input is blurred. For an example of how to do validation as the user types, see the validation message demos above.
Note that, when you enter erroneous data in the TextInput below, error styles for both the TextInput and the Select will display since they are both contained in a single Field. If you need to show separate states for each input, see the nested Fields example below.
Fieldset with nested Fields
In this example, each input within the field needs its own visible label, description, validation status, and validation message. To accomplish this, each input is wrapped in a Field component. The entire field is wrapped in a top-level Field component with isFieldset
set to true
.
Note that each sub-field has its own status. This enables you to show error styles only for the input that contains the error, not the entire fieldset.
Nested fields will become disabled when their parent field is disabled.
Field with custom help text content
The help-text
slot is not limited to static text – more complex markup, including other components and bound values, can be provided here as well. Below is an example of a custom character counter embedded inside a Field. The counter is bound to the modelValue
of the TextArea component inside the Field, and an error message is displayed if this text exceeds the maximum allowed number of characters.
Vue usage
This component can wrap the following:
- A single form input or control
- An input group (e.g. a group of Radios or Checkboxes)
- A set of nested fields (inputs wrapped in their own Field components).
The following Codex components can be used inside the Field component:
- Checkbox
- ChipInput
- Combobox
- Lookup
- Radio
- SearchInput
- Select
- TextArea
- TextInput
- ToggleSwitch
Props
Prop name | Description | Type | Default |
---|---|---|---|
labelIcon | Icon before the label text. Do not use this if including a start icon within the input component. | Icon | '' |
optional | Whether the field is optional. This will add a flag next to the label indicating that the field is optional. | boolean | false |
optionalFlag | Text to indicate that the field is optional. Omit this prop to use the default value, "(optional)". | string | '' |
hideLabel | Whether the label should be visually hidden. Note that this will also hide the description. | boolean | false |
isFieldset | Whether this field contains a group of inputs. When true, this outputs a <fieldset> element with a semantic <legend> . When false, it outputs a <div> with a semantic <label> . | boolean | false |
disabled | Whether the entire field is disabled. | boolean | false |
status | status attribute of the input. This also determines which validation message is shown. | ValidationStatusType | 'default' |
messages | Message text keyed on validation status type. | ValidationMessages | {} |
Slots
Name | Description | Bindings |
---|---|---|
label | Label text. | |
description | Short description text. | |
default | Input, control, or input group. | |
help-text | Further explanation of how to use this field. |
CSS-only version
See the CSS-only Label docs for instructions on making the label visually-hidden or adding a label icon.
Markup structure
Single input
Fieldset
Inside a <form>
, use a <fieldset>
element for input groups.
When outputting a <fieldset>
, the markup of this component is quite different:
- The outer element is the
<fieldset>
instead of a<div>
- A
<legend>
is used instead of a<label>
. See docs on the CSS-only Label for more info. - The description is included inside the
<legend>
- The
for
andaria-describedby
attributes are not needed
With help text
To add help text below the input or control, add a <div>
below the control wrapper with the class cdx-field__help-text
This works with single fields and fieldsets.
Disabled
To display a disabled field:
- Add the
.cdx-field--disabled
class to the outer element - Add the
.cdx-label--disabled
class to the.cdx-label
element - Disable the input(s) or control(s) (in the example below, the
disabled
attribute is added to the<input>
element)
This works with single fields and fieldsets.
Error status and message
To display error styles and show an error message:
- Apply error styles to the input (in the example below, the
.cdx-text-input--status-error
class is applied to the text input wrapper) - Add the validation message below the control wrapper